The Aldol Condensation
The Aldol Condensation
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DOI：
10.1002/0471264180.or016.01
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发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Nielsen;W. Houlihan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Nielsen;W. Houlihan
羟醛缩合反应的名字来源于羟基丁醛，这个名字是由伍尔茨介绍的，他于1872年首次从乙醛脱氢染料中制备了β-羟基醛。羟醛缩合反应包括通过醛和酮的自缩合或混合缩合生成β-羟基醛或β-羟基酮的反应，以及通过中间体β-醇或β-酮脱水生成α，β-不饱和醛或α，β-不饱和酮的反应。克莱森-施密特缩合通常被认为是芳香醛或芳酮在碱性催化剂存在下的缩合。术语羟醛缩合也适用于涉及醛或酮反应的许多其他缩合反应。对这些缩合进行了讨论。本综述仅包括醛和酮的缩合反应的例子。关键词：羟醛缩合；催化；缩合；醛；酮；分子内缩合；立体化学；胺；酸；碱；自缩合；混合缩合；无环酮；脂环酮；烷基芳基酮；双醛；双酮；酮酮
The aldol condensation takes its name from aldol (3-hydroxybutanal) a name introduced by Wurtz who first prepared the beta-hydroxy aldehyde from acetaldehdye in 1872. The aldol condensation includes reactions producing beta-hydroxy aldehydes or beta-hydroxy ketones by self condensations or mixed condensations of aldehydes and ketones as well as reactions leading to alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes or alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones formed by dehydration of intermediate beta-aldols or beta-ketals. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation is most often taken to be the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde or ketone usually in the presence of a basic catalyst. The term aldol condensation has also been applied to many other condensations involving the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone. These condenations are discussed. The present review includes examples that are solely condensation reactions of aldehydes and ketones. Keywords: aldol condensation; catalysis; condensation; aldehydes; ketones; intramolecular condensations; stereochemistry; amines; acids; bases; self-condensation; mixed condensation; acyclic ketones; alicyclic ketones; alkyl aryl ketones; dialdehydes; diketones; keto aldehydes