Automatic Time Picking for Microseismic Data Based on a Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm

Automatic Time Picking for Microseismic Data Based on a Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm
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基于模糊C均值聚类算法的微震数据自动时间拾取

DOI:
10.1109/lgrs.2016.2616510
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发表时间:
2016-10
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
张超
张超
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
朱丹;李月;张超

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时间拾取是微地震数据处理中的重要步骤,因为震源位置需要P波和/或S波的到达时间。然而,当数据的信噪比(SNR)较低时,使用传统方法很难准确地获得到达时间。在这封信中,我们提出了一种新的时间拾取方法的基础上的模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法,它可以划分为两个集群之间的信号和噪声的相似程度不同的微震数据。使用FCM,我们可以得到一个隶属度矩阵,代表数据的相似性。隶属度矩阵值高的数据点显示出高水平的相似性,我们将这些数据点分配到信号聚类中。我们把信号簇的初始时刻作为数据到达的时刻。为了验证该方法的可靠性,我们进行了大量的测试,并给出了不同信噪比下的接收机工作特性曲线。我们的方法在合成和真实的微震信号上进行了测试。此外,我们比较了FCM方法与短期和长期的平均算法和赤池信息准则。实验结果表明,该方法在信噪比低至-8 dB的情况下仍能准确地提取到信号的到达时刻,准确率优于其他两种方法,且优于其他两种方法的上级。
Time picking is an essential step in microseismic data processing, as the hypocenter location requires the arrival times of P- and/or S-waves. However, it is difficult to obtain arrival times accurately using traditional methods when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of data is low. In this letter, we propose a new time picking method based on the fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm, which can divide microseismic data into two clusters according to the different levels of similarity between the signals and noise. Using the FCM, we can obtain a membership degree matrix that represents the similarity of data. Data points whose values of the membership degree matrix are high show a high level of similarity and we assign these into the signal cluster. We regard the initial time of the signal cluster as the arrival time of data. To verify the reliability of the method, we conduct a large number of tests and give receiver operating characteristic curves with different SNR of signals. Our method is tested on both synthetic and real microseismic signals. Furthermore, we compare the FCM method with the short and long time average algorithm and the Akaike information criterion. The results indicate that our method can pick arrival times precisely even when the SNR of data is as low as -8 dB and the accuracy rate is superior to the other two methods.
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