Dependence of Aerosol‐Droplet Partitioning on Turbulence in a Laboratory Cloud

Dependence of Aerosol‐Droplet Partitioning on Turbulence in a Laboratory Cloud
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气溶胶-液滴分配对实验室云中湍流的依赖性

DOI:
10.1029/2020jd033799
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cantrell, Will
Cantrell, Will
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shawon, Abu Sayeed Md;Prabhakaran, Prasanth;Kinney, Greg;Shaw, Raymond A.;Cantrell, Will

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激活是气溶胶-云相互作用的第一步,气溶胶-云相互作用已被确定为地球气候系统的主要不确定因素之一。当环境饱和度超过阈值时,气溶胶颗粒会变成云滴或激活,该阈值取决于颗粒的大小和吸湿性。在该过程的传统公式中,仅考虑平均、均匀的饱和比。然而,像云这样的湍流环境本质上在温度和水蒸气浓度标量场的平均值附近存在波动,这决定了饱和度。通过实验室测量,我们表明这些波动是一个重要的参数,需要解决才能充分描述激活。我们的结果表明,即使对于单一尺寸、化学均匀的气溶胶,波动也模糊了活化与颗粒尺寸和化学成分之间的对应关系,湍流可以增加活化的气溶胶颗粒的分数,并且随着气溶胶浓度的增加,活化的分数单调减少。总而言之,我们的数据表明,波动可能产生相当于绝热包裹理论中的气溶胶限制和上升气流限制状态的影响。
Activation is the first step in aerosol‐cloud interactions, which have been identified as one of the principal uncertainties in Earth's climate system. Aerosol particles become cloud droplets, or activate, when the ambient saturation ratio exceeds a threshold, which depends on the particle's size and hygroscopicity. In the traditional formulation of the process, only average, uniform saturation ratios are considered. However, turbulent environments like clouds intrinsically have fluctuations around mean values in the scalar fields of temperature and water vapor concentration, which determine the saturation ratio. Through laboratory measurements, we show that these fluctuations are an important parameter that needs to be addressed to fully describe activation. Our results show, even for single‐sized, chemically homogeneous aerosols, that fluctuations blur the correspondence between activation and a particle's size and chemical composition, that turbulence can increase the fraction of aerosol particles which activate, and that the activated fraction decreases monotonically as the concentration of aerosol increases. Taken together, our data demonstrate that fluctuations can have effects equivalent to the aerosol limited and updraft limited regimes, known from adiabatic parcel theory.
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