RETRIEVAL CONSTRAINTS AND THE MIRROR EFFECT
RETRIEVAL CONSTRAINTS AND THE MIRROR EFFECT
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.20.2.275
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
CURRAN, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HINTZMAN, DL;CAULTON, DA;CURRAN, T
六个实验验证了一个假设，即识别记忆中的镜像效应反映了对测试项目的记忆能力的有意识的、事后的评估。词频和具体性都是不同的，检索时的约束条件通过两种方式进行操纵：三个实验比较了单独或执行辅助任务时的识别测试，三个实验使用响应信号法来控制识别处理时间。与假设相反，任何一种检索约束都没有消除或减弱镜像效应。此外，两种检索操作都诱发了各自的镜像效应。目前的认知记忆理论似乎不足以解释这一结果。有人建议，镜像效应与命中和误报的全部模式有关，并且这两个措施通常由歧视性和偏见措施补充。
Six experiments tested the hypothesis that the mirror effect in recognition memory reflects a deliberate, postretrieval assessment of the test item's memorability. Both word frequency and concreteness were varied, and constraints at retrieval were manipulated in 2 ways: Three experiments compared recognition tested either alone or while performing a secondary task, and 3 experiments used the response-signal method to control recognition processing time. Contrary to the hypothesis, the mirror effect was not eliminated or attenuated by either kind of retrieval constraint. Moreover, both retrieval manipulations induced mirror effects of their own. Current recognition-memory theories appear inadequate to explain the results. It is suggested that the mirror effect be related to the full range of patterns of hits and false alarms, and that these 2 measures routinely be supplemented by measures of discriminability and bias.