Relations of Executive Function and Physical Performance in Middle Adulthood: A Prospective Investigation in African American and White Adults
Relations of Executive Function and Physical Performance in Middle Adulthood: A Prospective Investigation in African American and White Adults
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbaa012
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Waldstein, Shari R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leibel, Daniel K.;Williams, Megan R.;Waldstein, Shari R.
目的：先前对老年人的研究发现，执行功能（EF）和身体表现之间存在强有力的关联，以及身体表现下降的社会人口统计学差异。为了在成年期的早期研究这些关联，我们调查了EF、种族和性别与成年中期年龄相关的体能下降的关系。方法：参与者为2,084名城市居民（57.2%为女性; 57.8%为非洲裔美国人; 37.3%生活在贫困中;平均基线年龄= 48.1）。混合效应回归被用来检查EF，种族，性别和年龄（索引时间）之间的相互作用关系的变化，占主导地位的和非占主导地位的握力和下肢力量超过约5年。所有的分析调整贫困状况，随后调整教育，体重指数，高血压，和diabetes.Results：EF和下降的身体表现措施之间没有显着的前瞻性关联。显著的横截面相关性显示，较低的EF与两个时间点的所有体能指标平均值的较差表现相关（p <0.05）。一个显着的双向交互作用的性别x年龄（p = 0.019）显示，男性经历了更大的年龄相关的下降，下肢strengthen.Discussion：研究结果并没有揭示前瞻性的关联EF和体能下降在中年。然而，他们发现EF和身体表现之间存在强有力的横截面关联，男性下肢力量的下降幅度出乎意料地大于女性。最终，这些发现可能会为针对身体功能状况较差和下降风险群体的预防和干预策略提供信息。
Objectives: Previous studies in older adults found robust associations between executive functions (EF) and physical performance, as well as sociodemographic variation in physical performance decline. To examine these associations earlier in the adult lifespan, we investigated relations of EF, race, and sex with age-related physical performance decline during middle adulthood.Method: Participants were 2,084 urban-dwelling adults (57.2% female; 57.8% African American; 37.3% living in poverty; mean baseline age = 48.1) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Mixed-effects regression was used to examine interactive relations among EF, race, sex, and age (indexing time) with change in dominant and nondominant handgrip strength and lower extremity strength over approximately 5 years. All analyses adjusted for poverty status, and subsequently adjusted for education, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes.Results: There were no significant prospective associations between EF and decline in physical performance measures. Significant cross-sectional associations revealed that lower EF was associated with worse performance on all physical performance measures averaged across both time points (p < .05). A significant two-way interaction of Sex x Age (p = .019) revealed that men experienced greater age-related decline in lower extremity strength than women.Discussion: Findings did not reveal prospective associations between EF and physical performance decline in middle adulthood. However, they identified robust cross-sectional associations between EF and physical performance, and unexpectedly greater decline in lower extremity strength in men than women. Ultimately, these findings may inform prevention and intervention strategies targeting groups at risk for poorer physical function status and decline.