Ask for Information Retrieval: Part I. Background and Theory
Ask for Information Retrieval: Part I. Background and Theory
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要求信息检索：第一部分：背景和理论
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
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通讯作者：
H. Brooks
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作者：
N. Belkin;R. N. Oddy;H. Brooks
我们报告的结果大英图书馆研究与发展部资助的设计研究的交互式信息检索系统，将确定结构表示的异常状态的知识（ASK）的基本信息需求，并试图解决异常通过各种检索策略上进行的数据库中的文件表示在兼容的结构格式。第一部分讨论了该项目的背景和理论基础，第二部分（下一期）介绍了我们的方法，结果和结论。该项目的基本前提是：信息需求在原则上是不精确指定的;它是可能的，以引出问题的陈述，从信息系统用户的代表性的提问基础的需要可以派生;有类的要求;和，信息检索系统的所有元素应该是基于用户的提问。我们已经开发了一种相对自由的访谈技术来引出问题陈述，以及一种统计词共现分析来导出问题陈述和摘要的网络表示。结构特征的表示已被用来确定类的ASK，和ASK和信息结构进行了评估，分别由用户和作者。一些结果是：访谈似乎是一种令人满意的技术，用于引出问题陈述，从中可以确定提问;统计分析产生的结构通常适用于文件和问题陈述;这样表示的提问可以根据其结构特征进行有效分类;在35名受试者中，只有两名受试者的提问是传统的“最佳匹配”检索直观上合适的。设计研究的结果表明，至少我们的一些前提是合理的，基于ASK的信息检索系统至少是可行的。
We report the results of a British Library Research and Development Department‐funded design study for an interactive information retrieval system which will determine structural representations of the anomalous states of knowledge (ASKs) underlying information needs, and attempt to resolve the anomalies through a variety of retrieval strategies performed on a database of documents represented in compatible structural formats. Part I discusses the background to the project and the theory underlying it, Part II (next issue) presents our methods, results and conclusions. Basic premises of the project were: that information needs are not in principle precisely specifiable; that it is possible to elicit problem statements from information system users from which representations of the ASK underlying the need can be derived; that there are classes of ASKs; and, that all elements of information retrieval systems ought to be based on the user's ASK. We have developed a relatively freeform interview technique for eliciting problem statements, and a statistical word co‐occurrence analysis for deriving network representations of the problem statements and abstracts. Structural characteristics of the representations have been used to determine classes of ASKs, and both ASK and information structures have been evaluated by, respectively, users and authors. Some results are: that interviewing appears to be a satisfactory technique for eliciting problem statements from which ASKs can be determined; that the statistical analysis produces structures which are generally appropriate both for documents and problem statements; that ASKs thus represented can be usefully classified according to their structural characteristics; and, that of thirty‐five subjects, only two had ASKs for which traditional ‘best match’ retrieval would be intuitively appropriate. The results of the design study indicate that at least some of our premises are reasonable, and that an ASK‐based information retrieval system is at least feasible.