CHILDRENS PERCEPTION OF SAFETY AND DANGER ON THE ROAD
CHILDRENS PERCEPTION OF SAFETY AND DANGER ON THE ROAD
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02415.x
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发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
THOMSON, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AMPOFOBOATENG, K;THOMSON, JA
这项研究调查了5至11岁儿童选择安全地点过马路的能力。孩子们被要求正确地识别出极端安全或明显危险的情况。在其他情况下，他们被要求自己选择他们认为安全的过马路路线。这些任务以各种方式呈现：通过桌面模拟，在其上设计交通场景;通过道路情况的照片;以及通过将孩子们带到学校附近街道上的真实的世界地点。所有的实验都显示出类似的结果模式。五岁和七岁的奥尔兹在识别危险的过马路地点方面表现出非常差的技能。他们的判断完全依赖于附近汽车的可见存在。其他因素，如盲峰，模糊的障碍或复杂的路口从来没有被认为是威胁的情况。在规划自己的路线时，他们也不愿意绕道而行，即使直接路线显然很危险。9岁的奥尔兹表现出更高的能力水平，11岁的奥尔兹在这些判断中表现出相当好的技能。没有明显的性别差异。这些结果表明，约9岁的幼儿必须经常处于相当大的风险中，因为他们没有能力识别危险的位置，即使他们知道绿色交叉代码的机制。道路安全教育的影响进行了讨论。
This study investigates the ability of children between 5 and 11 years to select safe places to cross the street. The children were presented with situations which were either extremely safe or manifestly dangerous and were asked to correctly identify these. In other cases, they were asked to choose for themselves routes across the road which they thought would be safe. The tasks were presented in various ways: by means of a table‐top simulation on which traffic scenarios had been contrived; by means of photographs of road situations; and by taking the children to real‐world sites in the streets near their schools. All the experiments showed a similar pattern of results. Five‐and 7‐year‐olds exhibited very poor skill in identifying dangerous road‐crossing sites. Their judgements relied exclusively on the visible presence of cars in the vicinity. Other factors such as blind summits, obscuring obstacles or complex junctions were never recognized as threatening situations. They also showed an unwillingness to make detours when planning their own routes, even where the direct route was manifestly dangerous. Nine‐year‐olds showed a higher level of ability and 11‐year‐olds showed quite good skill in these judgements. No sex differences were apparent. These results suggest that young children up to about 9 years must often be at considerable risk as they do not have the ability to recognize a location as dangerous, even if they know the mechanics of the Green Cross Code. The implications for road safety education are discussed.