Worrying about the future: An episodic specificity induction impacts problem solving, reappraisal, and well-being.
Worrying about the future: An episodic specificity induction impacts problem solving, reappraisal, and well-being.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000142
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schacter DL
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jing HG;Madore KP;Schacter DL
先前的研究表明，情景特异性诱导——回忆最近经历细节的简短训练——可以提高在随后的各种任务中的表现，这些任务被认为是利用情景记忆过程。现有的研究也表明，心理模拟有助于情绪调节和应对压力源。在这里，我们重点了解情景细节如何影响问题的解决、重新评估和心理健康，以应对令人担忧的未来事件。在实验1中，与不关注情景特异性的对照诱导相比，情景特异性诱导显著提高了参与者在涉及个人担忧的未来事件的后续手段-目的问题解决任务（即更多相关步骤）和情景重评价任务（即更多情景细节）中的表现。与对照组相比，通过特异性诱导想象情景细节增加的建设性行为也与焦虑、不良结果的感知可能性、应对不良结果的感知困难、良好结果的感知可能性和积极应对行为的使用的感知可能性的较大增加有关。在实验2中，我们使用更严格的控制诱导扩展了这些发现，并发现了初步证据，即特异性诱导与对照组相比，积极情绪增加和消极情绪减少有关。我们的研究结果支持了情景记忆过程涉及手段-目的问题解决和情景重新评估的观点，并且增加在令人担忧的事件中想象建设性行为的情景特异性可能与改善心理健康有关。
Previous research has demonstrated that an episodic specificity induction – brief training in recollecting details of a recent experience – enhances performance on various subsequent tasks thought to draw upon episodic memory processes. Existing work has also shown that mental simulation can be beneficial for emotion regulation and coping with stressors. Here we focus on understanding how episodic detail can affect problem solving, reappraisal, and psychological well-being regarding worrisome future events. In Experiment 1, an episodic specificity induction significantly improved participants’ performance on a subsequent means-end problem solving task (i.e., more relevant steps) and an episodic reappraisal task (i.e., more episodic details) involving personally worrisome future events compared with a control induction not focused on episodic specificity. Imagining constructive behaviors with increased episodic detail via the specificity induction was also related to significantly larger decreases in anxiety, perceived likelihood of a bad outcome, and perceived difficulty to cope with a bad outcome, as well as larger increases in perceived likelihood of a good outcome and indicated use of active coping behaviors compared with the control. In Experiment 2, we extended these findings using a more stringent control induction, and found preliminary evidence that the specificity induction was related to an increase in positive affect and decrease in negative affect compared with the control. Our findings support the idea that episodic memory processes are involved in means-end problem solving and episodic reappraisal, and that increasing the episodic specificity of imagining constructive behaviors regarding worrisome events may be related to improved psychological well-being.