Places of Work
Places of Work
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工作地点
DOI：
10.1002/9780470693445.ch9
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Peck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Peck
同时，劳动是“所有经济范畴中最基本、最有内在问题的”。当代经济地理学认为，工作和工作场所的结构调整是一个内在的社会过程，劳动力市场是由权力关系和制度力量构成的，而最重要的是，这些都是社会空间现象。但事实并非总是如此。新古典经济学认为，劳动力毕竟是在劳动力“市场”上买卖的，应该像其他商品一样对待。沿着资本和原材料，它只是生产过程的另一种“要素投入”，当供大于求时，其价格（工资）会下降，当工人短缺时，价格会上升，等等。在20世纪60年代和70年代，当经济地理学受到新古典主义经济学的束缚时，这就是劳动力的概念。作为另一个经济变量，劳动力只不过是工业区位计算中的一条会计线，其价格和可用性通常被量化和绘制。在这些表面上与政治无关的叙述中，劳动被认为是一个没有问题的范畴。工人们似乎没有罢工，没有抚养孩子，也没有对生产过程进行创造性的投入。虽然当时的经济地理学家可能会研究上班途中的模式，但他们很少深入研究工人们在家里或工作中都在做什么。
Labor is at the same time “the most fundamental and the most inherently problematic of all economic categories”. Contemporary economic geography now takes it as axiomatic that work and workplace restructuring are inherently social processes, that labor markets are structured by power relations and institutional forces, and that above all these aresocial‐spatialphenomena. But it was not always so. Neoclassical economics maintained that labor, which after all is bought and sold on labor “markets,” should be regarded like any other commodity. Along with capital and raw materials it is simply another “factor input” to the production process, whose price (wages) will fall when supply exceeds demand and rise when there is a shortage of workers, and so forth. When economic geography was in thrall to neoclassical economics, back in the 1960s and 1970s, this was how labor was conceived. As just another economic variable, labor represented little more than an accounting line in the calculus of industrial location, its price and availability routinely quantified and mapped. In these ostensibly apolitical accounts, labor was rendered an unproblematic category. Workers did not seem to strike, raise children, or make creative inputs into the production process. And while the economic geographers of the time might study journey‐to‐work patterns, they rarely delved into what the workers weredoing, either at home or at work.