Experimental evolution of accelerated development in Drosophila .1. Developmental speed and larval survival
Experimental evolution of accelerated development in Drosophila .1. Developmental speed and larval survival
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01477.x
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发表时间：
1997-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rose, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chippindale, AK;Alipaz, JA;Rose, MR
发育时间是所有生物体中与适应性密切相关的特征。在占据短暂栖息地的全变态物种中，如黑腹果蝇，发育时间对适应性的影响被进一步夸大。我们探讨了权衡周围的发展时间，选择10个独立的人口从两个远亲选择处理（CB 1 -5和CO 1 -5）更快的发展。经过125代后，所得到的加速群体（ACB（1-5）和ACO（1-5））对ACB的发育时间为-33.4小时（或15%），对AGO的发育时间为-38.6小时（或17%）表现出净选择反应。由于卵至成虫发育时间的大部分变化是由幼虫持续时间的变化引起的，因此估计“加速"幼虫的发育速度比其对照/祖先种群快25-30%。ACB和ACO品系的反应是非常平行的，尽管是从独立进化超过300代的群体中建立的。平均而言，这些“A”种群在不到8天的时间内从卵发育成成虫，并在羽化后不到24小时内产生可受精的卵。加速人口没有变化，幼虫的摄食率，但减少化蛹的高度，后者是一个性状有关的幼虫能量消耗在化蛹前徘徊。这个实验表明，存在一个负的进化相关性早熟的发育时期和生存能力的加速人口经历了严重的成本在早熟的生存。在最终试验代中，加速处理的活力平均下降超过10%。双交试验表明，ACO品系的生活力丧失不是由于近交衰退。这些结果表明，存在一个快速发展综合征，其中快速发展的健身效益是平衡的健身成本减少成年前的生存，边缘幼虫储存的代谢产物，并减少成人的大小。
Developmental time is a trait of great relevance to fitness in all organisms. In holometabolous species that occupy ephemeral habitat, like Drosophila melanogaster, the impact of developmental time upon fitness is further exaggerated. We explored the trade-offs surrounding developmental time by selecting 10 independent populations from two distantly related selection treatments (CB1-5 and CO1-5) for faster development. After 125 generations, the resulting accelerated populations (ACB(1-5) and ACO(1-5)) displayed net selection responses for development time of -33.4 hours (or 15%) far ACB and -38.6 hours (or I7%) for AGO. Since most of the change in egg-to-adult developmental time was accounted for by changes in larval duration, the ''accelerated'' larvae were estimated to develop 25-30% faster than their control/ancestor populations. The responses of ACB and ACO lines were remarkably parallel, despite being founded from populations evolved independently for more than 300 generations. On average, these ''A'' populations developed from egg to adult in less than eight days and produced fertile eggs less than 24 hours after emerging. Accelerated populations showed no change in larval feeding rate, but a reduction in pupation height, the latter being a trait relating to larval energetic expenditure in wandering prior to pupation. This experiment demonstrates the existence of a negative evolutionary correlation between preadult developmental rime and viability as accelerated populations experienced a severe cost in preadult survivorship. In the final assay generation, viability of accelerated treatments had declined by more than 10%, on average. A diallel cross demonstrated that the loss of viability in the ACO lines was not due to inbreeding depression. These results suggest the existence of a rapid development syndrome, in which the fitness benefits of fast development are balanced by fitness costs resulting from reduced preadult survivorship, marginal larval storage of metabolites, and reduced adult size.