Maize Grain Yield and Kernel Component Relationships to Morphophysiological Traits in Commercial Hybrids Separated by Four Decades
Maize Grain Yield and Kernel Component Relationships to Morphophysiological Traits in Commercial Hybrids Separated by Four Decades
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2016.06.0540
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Vyn, Tony J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Keru;Camberato, James J.;Vyn, Tony J.
杂交时代和管理措施，如氮（N）量和种植密度影响冠层性状及其与玉米（Zea mays L.）产量，粒数和粒重的相关性。对两个新杂交种（2005年）和两个老杂交种（1967年和1975年）采用两种氮素水平（55和220 kg N ha（-1））和54，000至104，000株ha（-1）之间的三种植物密度进行了一项为期四年的研究。杂交种的开花吐丝间隔，比叶氮（SLN），比叶面积，叶绿度（土壤植物分析发展[SPAD]读数），但在吐丝叶面积指数（LAI）。新杂交种在管理处理中的较高粒重（2012年为15%，2013年为23%）与吐丝时较高的SLN和灌浆期间的绿色叶数保持率有关。2005年杂交种（平均3917粒m ~（-2））吐丝时最大粒数的叶面积指数（LAI）为4.0 m ~（2）m ~（-2），而1975年杂交种（平均3893粒m ~（-2））为3.28 m ~（2）m ~（-2），1967年杂交种当LAI超过3.43 m ~（2）m ~（-2）时，粒数下降。较高的叶片生物量，叶片氮含量，因此较高的SLN在吐丝在新的杂交种有助于更大的绿色叶保持在灌浆过程中。施用更多的N削弱了谷物产量和冠层属性之间的相关性，包括两年内的叶片保留率以及2013年（更有利的天气）与叶片生物量，叶片N含量，LAI和SLN的产量相关性。2013年，在较高密度下生长时，所有杂交种的籽粒产量与吐丝期和灌浆期的LAI具有较高的相关性。
Hybrid era and management practices like nitrogen (N) rate and plant density influence canopy traits and their correlations with grain yield, kernel number, and kernel weight in maize (Zea mays L.). A four site-year study was conducted employing two N rates (55 and 220 kg N ha(-1)) with three plant densities between 54,000 and 104,000 plants ha(-1) for two newer hybrids (2005) and two older hybrids (1967 and 1975). Hybrids varied in anthesis-silking interval, specific leaf nitrogen (SLN), specific leaf area, and leaf greenness (soil plant analysis development [SPAD] readings), but not in leaf area index (LAI) at silking. Consistently higher kernel weight in newer hybrids (15% in 2012, 23% in 2013) across management treatments was related to their higher SLN at silking and green leaf number retention during grain filling. The threshold LAI at silking for maximum kernel number for 2005 hybrids (averaging 3917 kernels m(-2)) occurred at 4.0 m(2) m(-2), compared with 3.28 m(2) m(-2) for the 1975 hybrid (3893 kernels m(-2)), and kernel number declined when LAI exceeded 3.43 m(2) m(-2) for the 1967 hybrid. Higher leaf biomass, leaf N content, and therefore higher SLN at silking in newer hybrids contributed to greater green leaf retention during grain filling. Applying more N weakened correlations between grain yield and canopy attributes, including leaf retention in both years and yield correlations with leaf biomass, leaf N content, LAI, and SLN in 2013 (more favorable weather). Grain yields for all hybrids in 2013 had higher correlations with LAI at silking and during grain fill when grown at higher densities.