The potential of high temporal resolution automatic measurements of PM2.5 composition as an alternative to the filter-based manual method used in routine monitoring
The potential of high temporal resolution automatic measurements of PM2.5 composition as an alternative to the filter-based manual method used in routine monitoring
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高时间分辨率自动测量 PM2.5 成分作为常规监测中基于过滤器的手动方法的替代方法的潜力
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120148
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Twigg M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Twigg M
根据欧盟空气质量指令（AQD）2008/50/EC，成员国必须在背景站进行PM2.5成分的常规监测。PM2.5形态的AQD状态至少应包括：硝酸盐（NO3−）、硫酸盐（SO 42 −）、氯化物（Cl−）、铵（NH 4+）、钠（Na+）、钾（K+）、镁（Mg 2+）、钙（Ca 2+）、元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）。直到2017年，每个国家都有责任确定用于报告PM2.5无机成分组成的方法。2017年8月，发布了测量过滤器上沉积的PM2.5无机化学成分（NO3−、SO 42 −、Cl−、NH 4+、Na+、K+、Mg 2+、Ca 2+）的欧洲标准方法（EN 16913：2017）。从2019年8月起，这成为欧洲标准方法。这种过滤方法是劳动密集型的，并且提供有限的时间分辨率，并且易于损失挥发性化合物。因此，人们对使用替代的自动化方法越来越感兴趣。例如，英国使用环境空气中的气溶胶和气体监测仪（MARGA，Metrohm，NL）每小时报告PM2.5化学成分。本研究是对可用数据的预评估审查，以证明使用MARGA或其他可用的自动方法（包括气溶胶化学形态监测仪（ACSM，Aerodyne Research Inc.））是否可能或在多大程度上可能具有等效性。美国）和环境离子监测仪（AIM，URG，美国）。为了证明等效性，必须满足三个目标。前两个目标侧重于数据收集，所有三个工具都达到了这两个目标。第三个目标是与参考方法相比，每种物质的扩展不确定度小于50%。对这一目标的分析是利用世界各地不同区域现有的配对数据集进行的。结果发现，MARGA（2006-2019年模型）有可能证明标准中所有物种的等效性，尽管只有通过结合案例研究才能通过不确定性标准。ACSM有可能证明NH 4+、SO 42 −和某些条件下NO3−的等效性，但由于无法量化海盐等难处理气溶胶，因此无法证明Cl−的等效性。AIM具有NH 4+、NO3−、SO 42 −、Cl−和Mg 2+的电位。需要进一步研究以确定是否可以优化AIM以满足Na+、K+和Ca 2+的扩展不确定度标准。建议需要第二阶段来证明等效性，其中包括三种候选方法的实验室和现场研究以及任何其他确定有可能报告所需物质的技术。
Under the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD) 2008/50/EC member states are required to undertake routine monitoring of PM2.5composition at background stations. The AQD states for PM2.5speciation this should include at least: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Until 2017, it was the responsibility of each country to determine the methodology used to report the composition for the inorganic components of PM2.5. In August 2017 a European standard method of measurement of PM2.5inorganic chemical components (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) as deposited on filters (EN16913:2017) was published. From August 2019 this then became the European standard method. This filter method is labour-intensive and provides limited time resolution and is prone to losses of volatile compounds. There is therefore increasing interest in the use of alternative automated methods. For example, the UK reports hourly PM2.5chemical composition using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA, Metrohm, NL). This study is a pre-assessment review of available data to demonstrate if or to what extent equivalence is possible using either the MARGA or other available automatic methods, including the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc. US) and the Ambient Ion Monitor (AIM, URG, US).To demonstrate equivalence three objectives were to be met. The first two objectives focused on data capture and were met by all three instruments. The third objective was to have less than a 50% expanded uncertainty compared to the reference method for each species. Analysis of this objective was carried out using existing paired datasets available from different regions around the world. It was found that the MARGA (2006–2019 model) had the potential to demonstrate equivalence for all species in the standard, though it was only through a combination of case studies that it passed uncertainty criteria. The ACSM has the potential to demonstrate equivalence for NH4+, SO42−, and in some conditions NO3−, but did not for Cl−due to its inability to quantify refractory aerosol such as sea salt. The AIM has the potential for NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−and Mg2+. Future investigations are required to determine if the AIM could be optimised to meet the expanded uncertainty criterion for Na+, K+and Ca2+.The recommendation is that a second stage to demonstrate equivalence is required which would include both laboratory and field studies of the three candidate methods and any other technologies identified with the potential to report the required species.
改变超级站点：评估英国南部 EMEP 超级站点搬迁对测量的大气成分的影响
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
H. Walker;M. Heal;C. Braban;S. Ritchie;C. Conolly;A. Sanocka;U. Dragosits;M. Twigg
通讯作者：
M. Twigg
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Freney, Evelyn;Zhang, Yunjiang;Favez, Olivier
通讯作者：
Favez, Olivier