The Multifunctional Role of Forests - Policies, Methods and Case Studies
The Multifunctional Role of Forests - Policies, Methods and Case Studies
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森林的多功能作用 - 政策、方法和案例研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Cesaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Pettenella;P. Gatto;L. Cesaro
1990年以后，随着东欧国家向民主和市场经济的过渡，欧洲一体化的加强，给林业带来了新的问题和机遇。在森林政策中有两种反应。一方面，在新兴民主国家，传统的森林管理工具是通过重建法治、私有制和林业市场制定的。进步法的执行是目前的主要问题。另一方面，主要是国家森林方案或欧洲联盟森林战略在政策、经济和社会参与者的自组织网络中实行合作森林决策。基于政策制定理论和网络分析以及案例研究表明，这种新的“森林治理”提供了相互学习的机会，但其结果也受到权力过程的影响。通过显示功率分布，网络分析可以为决定是否加入特定网络提供有用的信息。加强森林治理可能是积极的国家行政部门的一项新任务。国家森林服务局是否能适应这一新的角色，取决于是否有能力成为森林中所有利益的可信赖的调解人。最后，建议依靠传统的政府手段来制定强有力的森林政策，但仅在选定的情况下积极利用治理手段。
After 1990, with the transition towards democracy and market economy in Eastern countries, the integration of Europe became stronger causing both new problems and chances for forestry. There were two types of reaction in forest policy. On the one hand in the emerging democracies the classic instruments of forest government were formulated by rebuilding the rule of law, private ownership and markets for forestry. implementation of the progressive laws is the major problem today. On the other hand, cooperative forest policy-making in self-organizing networks of participants from policy, economy and society was introduced mainly by national forest programmes or by the European Union forest strategy. Based on a theory of policy-making and network analysis and case studies it is shown that this new “forest governance” offers chances for mutual learning but the results are also affected by a power process. By showing the distribution of power, network analysis could provide useful information for the decision on whether to join a specific network. Enhanced forest governance could be a new task for an active state administration. Whether the state forest service could fit into this new role depends on the ability to become a trusted mediator for all interests in forests. In conclusion, it is recommended to rely on the classic government instruments for a strong forest policy but to actively make use of the governance instruments in selected cases only.