Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy: How Many Stones Should be Used to Kill a Bird?
Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy: How Many Stones Should be Used to Kill a Bird?
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DOI：
10.1561/101.00000005
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Braathen, Nils Axel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Braathen, Nils Axel
应该使用多少工具来解决特定的环境问题？这就是本文要解决的问题。根据“丁伯根规则”，每个目标需要一台仪器。任何影响当前环境问题的非环境市场失灵的存在也将需要为每个市场失灵提供一种额外的工具。然而，详细的案例研究表明，计算相关目标的数量和所应用的工具的数量并不是一件简单的任务。虽然有充分的理由结合使用多种工具来解决特定的环境问题（非环境市场失灵、许多问题的“多方面”特征、一种工具支持其他工具的使用的情况、解决非环境政策问题的需要等），但有时很难看出这些论点是实际使用中混合工具的主要解释。在某些情况下，工具组合的环境有效性或经济效率也会因缺乏工具而受到阻碍。
How many instruments should be used to address a particular environmental problem? That is the question this article addresses. According to the "Tinbergen rule," one instrument per target is needed. The existence of any non-environmental market failures affecting the environmental problem at hand will also require one additional instrument per market failure. However, detailed case studies reveal that it is no simple task to count neither the number of relevant targets, nor the number of instruments applied. While there are good reasons to apply several instruments in combination to address a given environmental problem (non-environmental market failures, "multi-aspect" character of many problems, cases where one instrument underpin the use of other instruments, the need to address non-environmental policy concerns, etc.), it is sometimes difficult to see that such arguments have been the main explanations for the instrument mixes in practical use. There are also cases where the environmental effectiveness or economic efficiency of an instrument mix is hampered by lacking instruments.