Developmental origins of the crocodylian skull table and platyrostral face
Developmental origins of the crocodylian skull table and platyrostral face
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鳄鱼头骨台和扁吻面的发育起源
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24802
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pierce, Stephanie E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, Zachary S.;Vliet, Kent A.;Abzhanov, Arhat;Pierce, Stephanie E.
背腹扁平的头骨可能比任何其他解剖学特征更能代表现存的鳄鱼类，通常被认为是半水生饲养的适应。虽然犬面扁平化的进化起源已被广泛研究，但发育起源尚未被探索。为了了解头骨表和扁吻吻是如何发育的，我们使用几何形态测量学在侧视图中量化了鳄鱼头骨的胚胎发育和孵化后生长（个体发育）。我们的数据集（n= 103）包括除一个属外的所有现存属和所有主要的生态形态，包括极其细长的Gavialis和Tomistoma。我们的分析表明，胚胎发育的扁平头骨是非常相似的ecomorphs，包括存在一个保守的初始胚胎头骨形状，类似于先前的分析背吻形状。虽然差异在孵化后个体发育恢复之间的生态形态，胚胎模式是不明显的，揭示了一个重要的转变，在孵化附近的发展速度。特别是，扁平的头骨表是在胚胎发育结束时实现的，孵化后没有变化。此外，在发育过程中，头骨顶部和面骨的旋转对于鳄鱼头骨的刻板扁平度至关重要。我们的研究结果表明，在这种模式的发展保护的孵化性能和胚胎头骨形状的限制可能是重要的选择。侏罗纪干鳄类头骨扁平的外观表明，这些头骨发育模式的关键方面可能已经保存了2亿多年。
The dorsoventrally flattened skull typifies extant Crocodylia perhaps more than any other anatomical feature and is generally considered an adaptation for semi‐aquatic feeding. Although the evolutionary origins of caniofacial flattening have been extensively studied, the developmental origins have yet to be explored. To understand how the skull table and platyrostral snout develop, we quantified embryonic development and post‐hatching growth (ontogeny) of the crocodylian skull in lateral view using geometric morphometrics. Our dataset (n= 103) includes all but one extant genus and all of the major ecomorphs, including the extremely slender‐snoutedGavialisandTomistoma. Our analysis reveals that the embryonic development of the flattened skull is remarkably similar across ecomorphs, including the presence of a conserved initial embryonic skull shape, similar to prior analysis of dorsal snout shape. Although differences during posthatching ontogeny are recovered among ecomorphs, embryonic patterns are not distinct, revealing an important shift in developmental rate near hatching. In particular, the flattened skull table is achieved by the end of embryonic development with no changes after hatching. Further, the rotation of skull roof and facial bones during development is critical for the stereotypical flatness of the crocodylian skull. Our results suggest selection on hatchling performance and constraints on embryonic skull shape may have been important in this pattern of developmental conservation. The appearance of aspects of cranial flatness among Jurassic stem crocodylians suggests key aspects of these cranial developmental patterns may have been conserved for over 200 million years.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.2389
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Morris, Zachary S.;Vliet, Kent A.;Abzhanov, Arhat;Pierce, Stephanie E.
通讯作者：
Pierce, Stephanie E.