Ageing, physical fitness and shiftwork tolerance
Ageing, physical fitness and shiftwork tolerance
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DOI：
10.1016/0003-6870(95)00046-1
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Harma, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harma, M
综述了衰老和身体健康对轮班耐力的影响。老龄化是最常被提及的降低轮班工人健康状况的因素之一。尽管关于老龄化的长期前瞻性研究很少，但40-45岁以上的轮班工人似乎在晚上之后睡眠更差，但在早班之后并不是这样。连续上夜班后的昏昏欲睡也会随着年龄的增长而减少，尽管上了年纪的轮班工人抵抗急性睡眠损失的能力似乎更好。上了年纪的轮班工人睡眠和清醒程度改变的原因可能与昼夜节律的变化有关，尤其是较高的清醒度。睡眠需求也可能会随着年龄的增长而减少，这可以解释睡眠时间的一些差异。身体健康是提高对倒班工作耐受性的一个因素，这是最近的一项发现。虽然体育锻炼对睡眠的影响已经被详细研究，但身体健康与睡眠的关系仍然是一个有争议的问题。在轮班工人中，适度的体育锻炼已被证明可以增加睡眠时间和夜间警觉性。然而，没有证据表明，锻炼会加快夜间工作的昼夜节律调整。建议工作时间安排应考虑到年龄较大的工人不断变化的个人背景。40岁以后，连续的夜间工作应该是自愿的。建议在主睡期前几个小时进行适度的体育锻炼。
The effects of ageing and physical fitness on shiftwork tolerance are reviewed. Ageing is one of the most cited factors decreasing the health of shiftworkers. Although long-term prospective studies on ageing are few, shiftworkers over 40-45 years of age seem to sleep worse after night, but not after morning shifts. Sleepiness after successive night shifts is also decreased by age although older shiftworkers' ability to resist acute sleep loss seems to be even better. The reasons for the altered sleep and wakefulness of older shiftworkers are probably related to changes in circadian rhythms, especially higher 'morningness'. Sleep need may also decrease with age which could explain some of the differences found in sleep length. physical fitness as a factor increasing tolerance to shiftwork is a recent finding. Although the effects of physical activity on sleep have been studied in detail, the relationship of physical fitness to sleep is still a controversial issue. In shiftworkers, moderate physical training has been shown to increase sleep length and night-time alertness. It has not been shown, however, that exercise would quicken the circadian adjustment to night work.It is recommended that work time arrangements should take account of the older workers' changing personal references. Continuous night work should be voluntary after 40 years of age. Moderate physical exercise a few hours before the main sleep period is recommended.