Satellite remote sensing of earthquake, volcano, flood, landslide and coastal inundation hazards
Satellite remote sensing of earthquake, volcano, flood, landslide and coastal inundation hazards
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DOI：
10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2005.02.002
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Evans, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tralli, DM;Blom, RG;Evans, DL
卫星遥感正在提供一个系统的天气框架，以增进对地球作为一个复杂的地球物理现象系统的科学认识，地球物理现象直接或通过相互作用的过程往往导致自然灾害。经过改进的综合测量沿着数字模型，使人们能够更好地了解特定灾害事件最有可能发生的地点和时间，并对社会经济产生重大影响。从这项研究中获得的地理空间信息产品越来越多地满足决策者、应急管理人员以及从国际和联邦到区域、州和地方管辖区的反应人员使用的决策支持系统的业务要求。这构成了全面风险评估和更知情的减灾规划、灾害评估和救灾优先次序的基础。例如，利用全球定位系统对固体地球进行天基大地测量，再加上地基地震测量，正在产生主要数据，用于模拟岩石圈过程和准确估计对地震工程应用至关重要的潜在破坏性强地面运动的分布。此外，与干涉测量合成孔径雷达相结合，这些测量提供了亚厘米精度的空间连续变形观测。地震和现场监测、大地测量、高分辨率数字高程模型（例如，利用干涉合成孔径雷达、激光雷达和数字摄影测量）和成像光谱学（例如，利用高级星载热辐射仪、中分辨率成像分光仪和红外成像光谱仪）正在为火山灾害风险评估作出重大贡献，并有可能帮助火山灾害对人口和生命线的影响不断增加的发展中国家的土地使用规划。遥感数据在重建地表近期历史和预测洪水和山崩灾害方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。卫星数据正在满足各种观测要求，这些要求是地表、地下和水文特征描述的需要所提出的，包括为风险评估划定洪水和滑坡区。短期和长期海平面变化以及海洋-大气过程对沿海陆地环境的影响，例如洪水、侵蚀和风暴潮，进一步确定了对灾害监测和减灾规划的要求。继续开发和应用范围广泛的卫星遥感系统和随之而来的数据管理基础设施，将有助于提供所需的基线和时间序列数据，作为包括固体地球空中和现场测量在内的综合全球观测战略的一部分。多灾害建模能力反过来将导致更准确的预测和可视化，以改进国际灾害管理界使用的决策支持工具和系统。(c)2005年国际摄影测量和遥感学会（摄影测量和遥感学会）。Elsevier B. V.出版，保留所有权利。
Satellite remote sensing is providing a systematic, synoptic framework for advancing scientific knowledge of the Earth as a complex system of geophysical phenomena that, directly and through interacting processes, often lead to natural hazards. Improved and integrated measurements along with numerical modeling are enabling a greater understanding of where and when a particular hazard event is most likely to occur and result in significant socioeconornic impact. Geospatial information products derived from this research increasingly are addressing the operational requirements of decision support systems used by policy makers, emergency managers and responders from international and federal to regional, state and local jurisdictions. This forms the basis for comprehensive risk assessments and better-informed mitigation planning, disaster assessment and response prioritization. Space-based geodetic measurements of the solid Earth with the Global Positioning System, for example, combined with ground-based seismological measurements, are yielding the principal data for modeling lithospheric processes and for accurately estimating the distribution of potentially damaging strong ground motions which is critical for earthquake engineering applications. Moreover, integrated with interterometric synthetic aperture radar, these measurements provide spatially continuous observations of deformation with sub-centimeter accuracy. Seismic and in situ monitoring, geodetic measurements, high-resolution digital elevation models (e.g. from InSAR, Lidar and digital photogrammetry) and imaging spectroscopy (e.g. using ASTER, MODIS and Hyperion) are contributing significantly to volcanic hazard risk assessment, with the potential to aid land use planning in developing countries where the impact of volcanic hazards to populations and lifelines is continually increasing. Remotely sensed data play an integral role in reconstructing the recent history of the land surface and in predicting hazards due to flood and landslide events. Satellite data are addressing diverse observational requirements that are imposed by the need for surface, subsurface and hydrologic characterization, including the delineation of flood and landslide zones for risk assessments. Short- and long-term sea-level change and the impact of ocean-atmosphere processes on the coastal land environment, through flooding, erosion and storm surge for example, define further requirements for hazard monitoring and mitigation planning. The continued development and application of a broad spectrum of satellite remote sensing systems and attendant data management infrastructure will contribute needed baseline and time series data, as part of an integrated Global observation strategy that includes airborne and in situ measurements of the solid Earth. Multi-hazard modeling capabilities, in turn, will result in more accurate forecasting and visualizations for improving the decision support tools and systems used by the international disaster management community. (c) 2005 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.