Nonsymbolic, approximate arithmetic in children: abstract addition prior to instruction.

Nonsymbolic, approximate arithmetic in children: abstract addition prior to instruction.
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DOI:
10.1037/a0013046
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发表时间:
2008-09
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Spelke, Elizabeth S.
Spelke, Elizabeth S.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barth, Hilary;Beckmann, Lacey;Spelke, Elizabeth S.

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当儿童进行近似算术运算时,他们会利用数字的抽象表示吗?在这项研究中,幼儿园的孩子们观看了动画,这些动画建议将一系列声音添加到一组点上,然后他们将总和与第二个点阵进行比较,后者与总和相差三个比例中的一个。儿童成功地完成了这项任务,具有成人非符号数字表征的所有特征:准确性由总和和比较数量的比率调节,在通道内和跨通道任务以及加法和比较任务中表现相同,表现优于匹配的减法任务。这些发现为还没有学习过正式算术的儿童对抽象数值进行非符号数值运算提供了明确的证据。
Do children draw upon abstract representations of number when they perform approximate arithmetic operations? In this study, kindergarten children viewed animations suggesting addition of a sequence of sounds to an array of dots, and they compared the sum to a second dot array that differed from the sum by one of three ratios. Children performed this task successfully with all the signatures of adults' nonsymbolic number representations: accuracy modulated by the ratio of the sum and the comparison quantity, equal performance for within- and cross-modality tasks and for addition and comparison tasks, and performance superior to that of a matched subtraction task. The findings provide clear evidence for nonsymbolic numerical operations on abstract numerical quantities in children who have not yet been taught formal arithmetic.
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