The Human Rights Framework in Contemporary Agrarian Struggles
The Human Rights Framework in Contemporary Agrarian Struggles
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当代土地斗争中的人权框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. M. Suárez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. M. Suárez
当代农村社会运动的重要要求，如粮食主权愿景，越来越多地被界定为权利问题和权利话语：粮食主权是人民有权获得通过无害生态和可持续的方法生产的健康和文化上适当的食物，以及他们有权确定自己的粮食和农业系统。粮食主权促进透明的贸易，保障所有人的公平收入以及消费者控制其粮食和营养的权利。它确保土地、领土、沃茨、种子、牲畜和生物多样性的使用和管理权掌握在我们这些生产粮食的人手中。从历史上看，这可能并不新鲜。墨西哥革命的农业领袖埃米利亚诺·萨帕塔在20世纪初也使用权利话语来阐述墨西哥农民和土著人民的要求（萨帕塔，1986）。那么今天有什么不同呢？在本期《草根之声》中，我们希望阐明以下问题：土地运动为何以及如何在其斗争中使用人权框架;使用人权框架产生了哪些影响;以及使用人权框架推进农村贫困者事业的局限性。为了回答这些问题，我们请不同基层和社会运动的代表讲述他们使用人权框架的经验。撰稿人的选择是启发性的，力求涵盖广泛的问题、区域和业务层面（地方、国家、国际）。前两项贡献是关于具体的土地冲突和受影响社区如何利用人权保护自己和提出要求的证词。在第一个故事中，乌干达基层领导人彼得·巴勒克·卡伊拉讲述了他的社区因政府将土地分配给外国投资者而遭受的暴力驱逐。他解释了他们如何利用人权为他们遭受的所有损害寻求补救。在第二篇文章中，安哥拉记者Sandra Maribel Sánchez描述了一个妇女占领土地的故事。她说明了法律的战略在这场斗争中发挥的作用，以及妇女领导的土地占领对农民组织内部事务产生的更大的性别影响。
Important demands of contemporary rural social movements, such as the food sovereignty vision, have been increasingly framed as rights issues and by a rights discourse: Food sovereignty is the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. Food sovereignty promotes transparent trade that guarantees just incomes to all peoples as well as the rights of consumers to control their food and nutrition. It ensures that the rights to use and manage lands, territories, waters, seeds, livestock and biodiversity are in the hands of those of us who produce food. Historically this might not be new. Emiliano Zapata, the agrarian leader of the Mexican Revolution, framed the demands of the Mexican peasantry and indigenous peoples at the beginning of the twentieth century using a rights discourse as well (Zapata 1986). So what is different today? In this issue of the Grassroots Voices we want to shed light on the questions of why and how agrarian movements are now employing the human rights framework in their struggles; what have been the impacts of using it; and what are the limitations of using this framework to advance the cause of the rural poor. To answer these questions, we requested representatives of different grassroots and social movements to tell about their experiences using a human rights framework. The selection of contributors was heuristic and sought to cover a wide range of issues, regions and levels of operation (local, national, international). The first two contributions are testimonies about concrete agrarian conflicts and the way the affected communities are using human rights to defend themselves and advance their demands. In the first one, Peter Baleke Kayiira, an Ugandan grassroots leader, tells about the violent eviction his community suffered due to the fact that the government allotted their lands to a foreign investor. He explains how they have been using human rights to seek redress for the all damages inflicted upon them. In the second contribution, Sandra Maribel Sánchez, a Honduran journalist, portrays the story of a women’s land occupation. She shows what role the legal strategy has played in this struggle and the larger gender impacts this women-led land occupation has had on the internal affairs of the peasant organizations.