Coastal flood impact assessments for Alaska communities
Coastal flood impact assessments for Alaska communities
复制标题
阿拉斯加社区沿海洪水影响评估
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Plumb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Buzard;J. Overbeck;J. Chriest;K. Endres;E. Plumb
阿拉斯加的沿海社区经历了频繁的风暴潮洪水，但大多数社区没有明确和一致的洪水记录。地方和全州范围的防洪决策需要对洪水风险有一个清晰的了解，但由于发现信息或解释洪水影响的困难，许多社区的风险尚未得到充分确定。通常缺少的一个关键数据集是所有已知洪水事件的完整列表，以及每个社区相对于一致的垂直基准面的洪水高度。阿拉斯加农村地区基本上没有水位传感器，因此确定过去事件的高度需要更具创造性的努力。这份报告介绍了一种相对于基础设施和当地潮汐基准估算个别社区的历史风暴高度和洪水影响类别的方法。以社区为基础的观察和书面记录被用来估计有记录的洪水事件的高度。洪水影响类别使用国家气象局术语定义，并基于住宅、简易机场和其他关键基础设施的高程。洪水类别高度和风暴高度列在两个表中，为天气预报员提供快速决策支持工具，以帮助确定社区应如何为即将到来的风暴做准备。这份最初的出版物包括戈洛文和胡珀湾的报告，随后将进行额外的社区评估。特定社区的报告包括显示当前基础设施的洪水类别地图，以及将基础设施高度与以前的洪水联系起来的图形。该报告解释了每个风暴高度是如何测量的，并提供了用于做出这些估计的来源的参考书目。
Coastal communities in Alaska experience frequent storm surge flooding, yet the majority do not have a clear and consistent record of flooding. Local and statewide flood mitigation decisions require a clear understanding of flood risk, but the risk for many communities has not been adequately determined due to the difficulty of discovering information or interpreting flood impacts. One key dataset that is commonly missing is a complete list of all known flood events, along with flood heights relative to a consistent vertical datum, for each community. Water level sensors are largely absent in rural Alaska so determining the height of past events requires more creative efforts. This report introduces a method for estimating historical storm heights and flood impact categories for individual communities relative to infrastructure and a local tidal datum. Community-based observations and written accounts are used to estimate the height of recorded flood events. Flood impact categories are defined using National Weather Service terminology and are based on the elevation of residences, airstrips, and other critical infrastructure. Flood category heights and storm heights are listed in two tables, providing weather forecasters with fast decision support tools to help determine how communities should prepare for incoming storms. This initial publication includes reports for Golovin and Hooper Bay, and additional community assessments will follow. Community-specific reports include a flood category map showing current infrastructure, and a graphic relating infrastructure heights with previous floods. The report explains how each storm height was measured, and provides a bibliography of sources that were used to make those estimates.