Estimates of contraceptive failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth
Estimates of contraceptive failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth
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DOI：
10.1016/j.contraception.2007.09.013
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bankole, Akinrinola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kost, Kathryn;Singh, Susheela;Bankole, Akinrinola
背景：2001年，美国政府的“健康人民2010”倡议设定了一个目标，即到2010年将使用第一年的避孕失败率从1995年的13%减少到2010年的7%。我们提供了美国最常用的可逆方法避孕失败的最新估计，以及对1995年至2002年失败率变化的评估。研究设计：估计值是根据 2002 年全国家庭成长调查 (NSFG) 获得的，这是一个具有全国代表性的美国妇女样本，包含有关其特征、怀孕和避孕药具使用的信息。我们还使用 2001 年堕胎患者调查来纠正 NSFG 中堕胎漏报的情况。我们测量了 1995 年至 2002 年间避孕失败的趋势，提供了对几个人口亚组的新估计，检查了自 1995 年以来亚组差异的变化，并确定了与美国三种常用可逆避孕方法失败风险升高相关的社会经济特征：避孕药、男用避孕套和体外射精。 结果：2002 年，所有避孕药具使用事件中有 12.4% 在避孕后 12 个月内以失败告终。开始使用。注射避孕药和口服避孕药仍然是美国女性使用的最有效的可逆避孕方法，在使用的前 12 个月内失败的可能性分别为 7% 和 9%。戒断失败的概率（18%）和避孕套失败的概率（17%）相似。依赖基于生育意识的方法导致失败的可能性最高（25%）。人群亚组经历不同的失败概率，但所有方法中可能预测风险升高的使用者特征并不相同。结论：1995年至2002年间，避孕效果没有明显改善。安全套、体外射精和生育意识方法使用者的失败率仍然很高，但对于所有方法来说，失败风险很大程度上受到使用者社会经济特征的影响。 (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Background: In 2001, the US government's "Healthy People 2010" initiative set a goal of reducing contraceptive failure during the first year of use from 13% in 1995 to 7% by 2010. We provide updated estimates of contraceptive failure for the most commonly used reversible methods in the United States, as well as an assessment of changes in failure rates from 1995 to 2002.Study Design: Estimates are obtained using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), a nationally representative sample of US women containing information on their characteristics, pregnancies and contraceptive use. We also use the 2001 Abortion Patient Survey to correct for underreporting of abortion in the NSFG. We measure trends in contraceptive failure between 1995 and 2002, provide new estimates for several population subgroups, examine changes in subgroup differences since 1995 and identify socioeconomic characteristics associated with elevated risks of failure for three commonly used reversible contraceptive methods in the United States: the pill, male condom and withdrawal.Results: In 2002, 12.4% of all episodes of contraceptive use ended with a failure within 12 months after initiation of use. Injectable and oral contraceptives remain the most effective reversible methods used by women in the United States, with probabilities of failure during the first 12 months of use of 7% and 9%, respectively. The probabilities of failure for withdrawal (18%) and the condom (17%) are similar. Reliance on fertility-awareness-based methods results in the highest probability of failure (25%). Population subgroups experience different probabilities of failure, but the characteristics of users that may predict elevated risks are not the same for all methods.Conclusion: There was no clear improvement in contraceptive effectiveness between 1995 and 2002. Failure rates remain high for users of the condom, withdrawal and fertility-awareness methods, but for all methods, the risk of failure is greatly affected by socioeconomic characteristics of the users. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.