Spontaneous selective attention in schizophrenia.

Spontaneous selective attention in schizophrenia.
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精神分裂症的自发选择性注意。

DOI:
10.1016/0165-1781(91)90085-4
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发表时间:
1991
影响因子:
11.3
通讯作者:
Wender,PH
Wender,PH
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Myles-Worsley,M;Johnston,WA;Wender,PH

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视觉单词识别任务被用来测量选择性注意的类型,自发地发生时,有多个刺激,所有潜在的相关性,并没有足够的时间来充分处理每个。这个任务同时呈现两个单词,一个在另一个上面,持续200 ms,并定期要求受试者识别上面或下面的单词。我们测试了精神分裂症患者,躁狂抑郁症患者和正常对照组的基线下,没有预测性的注意力分散的条件下,然后引入一定程度的可预测性到上部的位置,通常会导致选择性注意到较低的不可预测的位置。在分散注意和选择注意条件下,精神分裂症患者组在识别单词方面与其他两组一样准确,表明信息处理速度没有缺陷。然而,精神分裂症患者在可预测性条件下的自发选择性注意是异常的:他们对可预测的信息源的注意多于对不可预测的信息源的注意,因此与正常受试者相比,他们处理的信息是不同的,而不是无意义的。85%的精神分裂症患者的选择性注意比率测量值出现异常,而躁狂抑郁症患者仅为30%,正常人为20%。
A visual word identification task was used to measure the type of selective attention that occurs spontaneously when there are multiple stimuli, all potentially relevant, and insufficient time to process each of them fully. This task presents two words simultaneously, one above the other, for 200 ms, and periodically requires the subject to identify either the upper or the lower word. We tested schizophrenic patients, manic-depressive patients, and normal controls under a baseline divided attention condition with no predictability and then introduced a degree of predictability into the upper location that normally results in selective attention to the lower nonpredictable location. In both the divided attention and the selective attention conditions, the schizophrenic group was just as accurate in identifying words as the other two groups, indicating no deficit in the rate of information processing. However, spontaneous selective attention under conditions of predictability was abnormal in the schizophrenic patients: They paid more attention to the predictable than to the nonpredictable source of information, consequently processingdifferent, notless, information than normal subjects. Abnormal values on a ratio measure of selective attention occured in 85% of the schizophrenic patients compared with only 30% of the manic-depressives and 20% of the normal subjects.
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