Interaction of a Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei effector candidate with a barley ARF-GAP suggests that host vesicle trafficking is a fungal pathogenicity target
Interaction of a Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei effector candidate with a barley ARF-GAP suggests that host vesicle trafficking is a fungal pathogenicity target
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DOI：
10.1111/mpp.12110
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Panstruga, Ralph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt, Sarah M.;Kuhn, Hannah;Panstruga, Ralph
丝状真菌植物病原体，如真菌和卵菌，分泌效应蛋白，以建立成功的相互作用与他们的植物宿主。与卵菌相比，对真真菌中的效应子功能知之甚少。我们使用了生物信息学管道，以确定从专性生物营养型大麦白粉病病原体，小麦白粉病菌Blumeria graminis f。大麦锈病菌（Bgh）。BEC 1-BEC 5在大麦感染过程中的不同时间点表达。BEC 1、BEC 2和BEC 4在感染拟南芥的白粉病真菌Golovinomyces orontii中具有直向同源物。稳定表达G. orontii BEC 2直向同源物GoEC 2对非适应真菌Erysiphe pisi的感染更敏感，表明GoEC 2有助于白粉病毒力。对于BEC 3和BEC 4，我们确定了硫嘌呤甲基转移酶，一种泛素结合酶，和ADP核糖基化因子-GTP酶激活蛋白（ARF-GAP）作为潜在的宿主靶标。相应的HvARF-GAP直向同源物（AtAGD 5）的拟南芥敲除系允许更高的E. pisi，但对卵菌Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis表现出增强的抗性。我们假设，ARF-GAP蛋白是保守的目标白粉病和霜霉病效应，我们推测，BEC 4可能会干扰防御相关的主机囊泡贩运。
Filamentous phytopathogens, such as fungi and oomycetes, secrete effector proteins to establish successful interactions with their plant hosts. In contrast with oomycetes, little is known about effector functions in true fungi. We used a bioinformatics pipeline to identify Blumeria effector candidates (BECs) from the obligate biotrophic barley powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). BEC1-BEC5 are expressed at different time points during barley infection. BEC1, BEC2 and BEC4 have orthologues in the Arabidopsis thaliana-infecting powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Arabidopsis lines stably expressing the G. orontii BEC2 orthologue, GoEC2, are more susceptible to infection with the non-adapted fungus Erysiphe pisi, suggesting that GoEC2 contributes to powdery mildew virulence. For BEC3 and BEC4, we identified thiopurine methyltransferase, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and an ADP ribosylation factor-GTPase-activating protein (ARF-GAP) as potential host targets. Arabidopsis knockout lines of the respective HvARF-GAP orthologue (AtAGD5) allowed higher entry levels of E. pisi, but exhibited elevated resistance to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. We hypothesize that ARF-GAP proteins are conserved targets of powdery and downy mildew effectors, and we speculate that BEC4 might interfere with defence-associated host vesicle trafficking.