Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality.
Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa1112010
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发表时间：
2012-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sinha R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freedman ND;Park Y;Abnet CC;Hollenbeck AR;Sinha R
咖啡是消费最广泛的饮品之一，但咖啡摄入与死亡风险之间的关联仍不明确。
我们在国立卫生研究院 - 美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究中，对基线年龄为50至71岁的229119名男性和173141名女性进行了研究，考察了喝咖啡与随后的总体死亡率以及特定原因死亡率之间的关联。排除了患有癌症、心脏病和中风的参与者。咖啡摄入量在基线时评估一次。
在1995年至2008年期间5148760人 - 年的随访中，共有33731名男性和18784名女性死亡。在年龄调整模型中，喝咖啡的人死亡风险增加。然而，喝咖啡的人也更有可能吸烟，并且在对吸烟状况和其他潜在混杂因素进行调整后，咖啡摄入量与死亡率之间存在显著的负相关。与不喝咖啡的男性相比，喝咖啡的男性的死亡调整后风险比如下：每天少于1杯为0.99（95%置信区间[CI]，0.95 - 1.04），1杯为0.94（95%CI，0.90 - 0.99），2或3杯为0.90（95%CI，0.86 - 0.93），4或5杯为0.88（95%CI，0.84 - 0.93），每天6杯或更多为0.90（95%CI，0.85 - 0.96）（趋势P < 0.001）；女性相应的风险比分别为1.01（95%CI，0.96 - 1.07），0.95（95%CI，0.90 - 1.01），0.87（95%CI，0.83 - 0.92），0.84（95%CI，0.79 - 0.90）和0.85（95%CI，0.78 - 0.93）（趋势P < 0.001）。观察到因心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、中风、伤害和意外、糖尿病和感染导致的死亡呈负相关，但因癌症导致的死亡并非如此。在亚组中结果相似，包括从不吸烟的人和基线时报告健康状况非常好到极好的人。
在这项大型前瞻性研究中，咖啡摄入量与总体死亡率和特定原因死亡率呈负相关。从我们的数据无法确定这是因果关系还是关联关系的发现。（由国立卫生研究院、国家癌症研究所、癌症流行病学和遗传学部门的内部研究项目资助）
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages, but the association between coffee consumption and the risk of death remains unclear. We examined the association of coffee drinking with subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 229,119 men and 173,141 women in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study who were 50 to 71 years of age at baseline. Participants with cancer, heart disease, and stroke were excluded. Coffee consumption was assessed once at baseline. During 5,148,760 person-years of follow-up between 1995 and 2008, a total of 33,731 men and 18,784 women died. In age-adjusted models, the risk of death was increased among coffee drinkers. However, coffee drinkers were also more likely to smoke, and, after adjustment for tobacco-smoking status and other potential confounders, there was a significant inverse association between coffee consumption and mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios for death among men who drank coffee as compared with those who did not were as follows: 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.04) for drinking less than 1 cup per day, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99) for 1 cup, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86 to 0.93) for 2 or 3 cups, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.93) for 4 or 5 cups, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96) for 6 or more cups of coffee per day (P<0.001 for trend); the respective hazard ratios among women were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.07), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.92), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.90), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.93) (P<0.001 for trend). Inverse associations were observed for deaths due to heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, injuries and accidents, diabetes, and infections, but not for deaths due to cancer. Results were similar in subgroups, including persons who had never smoked and persons who reported very good to excellent health at baseline. In this large prospective study, coffee consumption was inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality. Whether this was a causal or associational finding cannot be determined from our data. (Funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics.)