Old Networks, New Connections: The Emergence of the Jewish International
Old Networks, New Connections: The Emergence of the Jewish International
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旧网络，新联系：犹太国际的出现
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Abigail Green
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作者：
Abigail Green
我们如何才能概念化19世纪犹太人经历的绝对多样性呢？上一代历史学家转向犹太复国主义国家叙事，强调犹太人民独特的历史命运和他们历代经历的统一性。因此，耶路撒冷学派从民族国家对传统犹太社区和宗教结构的灾难性影响的角度来看待现代犹太历史，这是解放、同化及其副产品世俗化的结果。1犹太世界中“现代主义者”和“传统主义者”之间的对立是这一叙述中的根本紧张--这种紧张只由犹太复国主义运动解决--犹太复国主义运动承诺在现代主义者的愿望和传统主义者的民族宗教文化认同之间进行融合。这一版本的犹太历史因将广泛的经历和背景同质化而受到攻击。最明显的是，它以牺牲穆斯林土地上的犹太人为代价，优先考虑欧洲犹太人的历史。2即使在欧洲，这种总体叙事的可行性也受到了修正主义历史学家的质疑，他们强调的不是欧洲人与现代性的共同遭遇，而是犹太世界的多元性和多样性。
How can we conceptualize the sheer diversity of Jewish experience in the nineteenth century? An earlier generation of historians turned to the Zionist national narrative, with its emphasis on the unique historical destiny of the Jewish people and the unity of their experience through the ages. Thus the Jerusalem School saw modern Jewish history in terms of the catastrophic impact of the nation-state on traditional Jewish communal and religious structures, as a result of emancipation, assimilation, and their by-product, secularization.1 The opposition between ‘modernizers’ and ‘traditionalists’ in the Jewish world is a fundamental tension within this narrative – a tension only resolved by the Zionist movement, which promised a fusion between the aspirations of the modernizers and the ethnoreligious cultural identity of the traditionalists. This version of Jewish history has been attacked for homogenizing a wide range of experiences and contexts. Most obviously, it privileges the history of European Jewry at the expense of the Jews of Muslim lands.2 Even within Europe, the viability of this overarching narrative has been brought into question by revisionist historians who emphasize not the common European encounter with modernity but the plurality and diversity of the Jewish world.3