ON A SEMANTIC TYPOLOGY OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
ON A SEMANTIC TYPOLOGY OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
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论条件句的语义类型学
DOI：
10.1515/flin.1985.19.3-4.365
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Funk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Funk
0. 这是一个众所周知的事实，语言在不同类型的条件句的结构模式方面存在差异。或许不那么引人注目的是，它们在通过这些模式所做的语义区分上也经常不同，因此在它们所区分的类型的数量和性质上也不同。对于语言学家来说，确定条件句的基本类别一直是一项既吸引人又困难的任务，这些基本类别既要足够具体，有助于描述一种特定的语言，同时又要足够广泛，使语言具有可比性，并使复杂的意义能够从一种语言转移到另一种语言。在本文中，我将提出一个语义变量（或范畴区别）的暂定系统，我认为这将有助于对条件句的其他孤立类型（或“情况”）进行分类和概述——例如äs“现实”、“非现实”、“潜在”等。本报告还旨在指出这些传统术语在不同语言中歧义性和经常不适当应用的一些原因。此外，我打算简要说明这种系统如何有助于定义语言之间的异同。
0. It is a well-known fact that languages difier with regard to the structural patterns they employ for the various types of conditional sentences. What is perhaps somewhat less conspicuous is the fact that they also often differ with regard to the semantic distinctions they make by means of these patterns, and hence also with regard to the number and nature of the types they distinguish. It has always been a task, both attractive and difficult, for linguists to determine basic categories of conditional sentences which are specific enough to be helpful in the description of a particular language a/nd, at the same time, broad enough to make languages comparable and to enable the transfer of complex meanings from one language to another. In this paper, I am going to propose a tentative system of semantic variables (or categorial distinctions) which, I suggest, will facilitate the classification and synopsis of otherwise isolated types (or 'cases') of conditional sentences — such äs 'realis', 'irrealis', 'potentialis', and the like. This presentation is also intended t o bring out some of the reasons for the ambiguous nature and often inadequate application of those traditional terms in different languages. Furthermore, I intend t o indicate briefly how such a system may help t o define differences or similarities between languages.