Unitary p-wave interactions between fermions in an optical lattice
Unitary p-wave interactions between fermions in an optical lattice
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-05405-6
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Vijin Venu;Peihang Xu;M. Mamaev;F. Corapi;T. Bilitewski;J. D’Incao;Cora J. Fujiwara;A. Rey;J. Thywissen
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作者：
Vijin Venu;Peihang Xu;M. Mamaev;F. Corapi;T. Bilitewski;J. D’Incao;Cora J. Fujiwara;A. Rey;J. Thywissen
费米子系统中的交换反对称对波函数可以产生非常规的超导体和超流体。在可控量子系统中实现这些状态，如超冷气体，可以实现新型的量子模拟，拓扑量子门，和奇异的少体状态。然而，p波和其他反对称相互作用在自然发生的系统中很弱，并且它们在超冷系统中通过Feshbach共振的增强受到三体损失的限制。在这里，我们创建一个多轨道的三维光学晶格中的自旋极化费米原子的孤立对。我们光谱测量弹性波的相互作用能量的强相互作用的原子对附近的磁Feshbach共振。的相互作用强度是广泛可调的磁场和约束强度，但崩溃到一个通用的曲线时，重新调整的谐波能量和长度尺度的一个单一的晶格网站。三体过程的缺失使得能够观察到弹性幺正波相互作用，以及自由原子和相互作用对状态之间的相干振荡。所有的观察进行比较，使用AP波赝势的精确解和使用从头算相互作用势的数值解。对现场阶波相互作用的理解和控制为组装多轨道晶格模型提供了必要的组成部分，也是研究如何在隧道效应存在的情况下保护这些系统免受三体复合的起点，例如使用泡利阻塞和晶格工程。
Exchange-antisymmetric pair wavefunctions in fermionic systems can give rise to unconventional superconductors and superfluids, –. The realization of these states in controllable quantum systems, such as ultracold gases, could enable new types of quantum simulations, , , –, topological quantum gates, –and exotic few-body states, , –. However,p-wave and other antisymmetric interactions are weak in naturally occurring systems,, and their enhancement via Feshbach resonances in ultracold systems has been limited by three-body loss, , , , , –. Here we create isolated pairs of spin-polarized fermionic atoms in a multiorbital three-dimensional optical lattice. We spectroscopically measure elasticp-wave interaction energies of strongly interacting pairs of atoms near a magnetic Feshbach resonance. The interaction strengths are widely tunable by the magnetic field and confinement strength, and yet collapse onto a universal curve when rescaled by the harmonic energy and length scales of a single lattice site. The absence of three-body processes enables the observation of elastic unitaryp-wave interactions, as well as coherent oscillations between free-atom and interacting-pair states. All observations are compared both to an exact solution using ap-wave pseudopotential and to numerical solutions using an ab initio interaction potential. The understanding and control of on-sitep-wave interactions provides a necessary component for the assembly of multiorbital lattice models,and a starting point for investigations of how to protect such systems from three-body recombination in the presence of tunnelling, for instance using Pauli blocking and lattice engineering,.