Models of endometriosis and their utility in studying progression to ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
Models of endometriosis and their utility in studying progression to ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
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DOI：
10.1002/path.4657
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Charnock-Jones DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
King CM;Barbara C;Prentice A;Brenton JD;Charnock-Jones DS
子宫内膜异位症是一种常见的良性妇科疾病，影响至少 10% 的育龄妇女，其特点是疼痛，经常使人衰弱。尽管确切的患病率尚不清楚，但其经济负担是巨大的（仅在美国每年就高达 500 亿美元），并且与相当大的发病率相关。子宫内膜异位症的发展与月经过程有着千丝万缕的联系，因此最能概括人类疾病的模型是在月经期的非人类灵长类动物身上。然而，使用这些动物在道德上具有挑战性并且非常昂贵。已经开发了多种实验动物模型，最新的模型基于生成可转移到受体动物的月经样子宫内膜组织。这些模型是可遗传操纵的，有助于精确的机制研究。此外，这些模型可用于研究上皮性卵巢癌的恶性转化。流行病学和分子证据表明，子宫内膜异位症是透明细胞癌和子宫内膜样卵巢癌（分别为 OCCA 和 OEA）最可能的前兆。虽然这种进展很少见，但了解转化的潜在机制可能会提供新的预防和治疗策略。我们实现这一目标的能力高度依赖于改进的动物模型，但目前对卵巢表面上皮和输卵管进行基因修饰的转基因模型是异位子宫内膜组织的不良模型。在这篇综述中，我们描述了子宫内膜异位症的各种模型，并讨论了它们如何适用于发展我们对 OCCA 和 OEA 的机制理解。 © 2015 作者。 《病理学杂志》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表大不列颠及爱尔兰病理学会出版。
Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological condition affecting at least 10% of women of childbearing age and is characterized by pain – frequently debilitating. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, the economic burden is substantial (∼$50 billion a year in the USA alone) and it is associated with considerable morbidity. The development of endometriosis is inextricably linked to the process of menstruation and thus the models that best recapitulate the human disease are in menstruating non‐human primates. However, the use of these animals is ethically challenging and very expensive. A variety of models in laboratory animals have been developed and the most recent are based on generating menstrual‐like endometrial tissue that can be transferred to a recipient animal. These models are genetically manipulable and facilitate precise mechanistic studies. In addition, these models can be used to study malignant transformation in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Epidemiological and molecular evidence indicates that endometriosis is the most plausible precursor of both clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer (OCCA and OEA, respectively). While this progression is rare, understanding the underlying mechanisms of transformation may offer new strategies for prevention and therapy. Our ability to pursue this is highly dependent on improved animal models but the current transgenic models, which genetically modify the ovarian surface epithelium and oviduct, are poor models of ectopic endometrial tissue. In this review we describe the various models of endometriosis and discuss how they may be applicable to developing our mechanistic understanding of OCCA and OEA. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.