Using eye movements to evaluate effects of driver age on risk perception in a driving simulator
Using eye movements to evaluate effects of driver age on risk perception in a driving simulator
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DOI：
10.1518/001872005775570961
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fisher, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pradhan, AK;Hammel, KR;Fisher, DL
新手驾驶员（16岁，有6个月驾驶经验）每1亿英里（1.61亿公里）的撞车事故发生率最高。在过去，这是由于更大的风险承担或发展不佳的心理技能。然而，最近，他们的高撞车率被假设为主要归因于他们在固有的风险情况下相对无法获得和评估信息。目前的研究试图通过记录72名参与者（24名新手司机，24名年轻司机和24名老年司机）在高级驾驶模拟器中驾驶16个危险场景来评估这一假设。驾驶员扫描行为存在显著的年龄相关差异，这与以下假设一致：新手驾驶员的扫描模式反映了他们未能获得有关潜在风险的信息，以及他们随后未能处理这些风险。这项研究的实际或潜在的应用包括修改这些场景在PC上显示作为培训模块的基础，使新手司机认识到危险的情况下，他们遇到他们在路上，希望降低他们的高死亡率。
Novice drivers (16-year-olds with: 6 months' driving experience) have the highest crash involvement rates per 100 million vehicle miles (161 million vehicle km). In the past, this was attributed to greater risk taking or poorly developed psychomotor skills. More recently, however, their high crash involvement rate has been hypothesized to be attributable largely to their relative inability to acquire and assess information in inherently risky situations. The current study seeks to evaluate this hypothesis by recording eye movements while 72 participants (24 novice drivers, 24 younger drivers, and 24 older drivers) drove through 16 risky scenarios in an advanced driving simulator. There were significant age-related differences in driver scanning behavior, consistent with the hypothesis that novice drivers' scanning patterns reflect their failure to acquire information about potential risks and their consequent failure to deal with these risks. Actual or potential applications of this research include modification of these scenarios for display on a PC as a basis for a training module that would enable novice drivers to recognize risky scenarios before they encounter them on the road, in the hope of reducing their high fatality rate.