Coral diseases in aquaria and in nature
Coral diseases in aquaria and in nature
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DOI：
10.1017/s0025315411001688
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Bythell, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sweet, Michael;Jones, Rachel;Bythell, John
许多珊瑚礁疾病已经被描述为影响野生珊瑚，其中几种疾病与基于实验接种和科赫假设测试的致病因素有关。在水族馆行业，许多珊瑚疾病和病理都是从灰色文献中得知的，但到目前为止还没有系统地描述这些疾病，而且很难确定与野生已知疾病的关系。因此，如果这些疾病能够可靠地联系起来，就可以通过向实地通报科学描述的野生疾病来帮助维护和饲养水族馆中的珊瑚。相反，由于确定水族馆珊瑚疾病的主要驱动力是选择一种有效的治疗方法，水族学家从针对特定症状的治疗中吸取的经验教训为确定病因提供了宝贵的证据。由于治疗的成本和潜在的环境影响，在自然环境中工作的科学家通常不会寻求这种治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾了野生和水族馆疾病，并试图将两者联系起来。许多重要的水族馆疾病无法与野外的疾病相提并论。然而，在一种情况下，即纤毛虫Helicostoma sp.作为水族馆珊瑚棕色果冻综合征的病原体，可能与野生珊瑚疾病的病原体有相似之处，如白色综合征和棕色带综合征。我们认为，螺旋口实际上是一个错误的名称，但对这种病原体和其他病原体的了解的提高可能会使这两个领域都受益。改进水族馆维护和饲养的做法也将有利于自然环境，减少野生捕捞的规模，提高珊瑚养殖的潜力，对水族馆工业和恢复方案都是如此。
Many reef coral diseases have been described affecting corals in the wild, several of which have been associated with causal agents based on experimental inoculation and testing of Koch's postulates. In the aquarium industry, many coral diseases and pathologies are known from the grey literature but as yet these have not been systematically described and the relationship to known diseases in the wild is difficult to determine. There is therefore scope to aid the maintenance and husbandry of corals in aquaria by informing the field of the scientifically described wild diseases, if these can be reliably related. Conversely, since the main driver to identifying coral diseases in aquaria is to select an effective treatment, the lessons learnt by aquarists on which treatments work with particular syndromes provides invaluable evidence for determining the causal agents. Such treatments are not commonly sought by scientists working in the natural environment due the cost and potential environmental impacts of the treatments. Here we review both wild and aquarium diseases and attempt to relate the two. Many important aquarium diseases could not be reconciled to those in the wild. In one case, however, namely that of the ciliate Helicostoma sp. as a causal agent of brown jelly syndrome in aquarium corals, there may be similarities with pathogenic agents of the wild coral diseases, such as white syndrome and brown band syndrome. We propose that Helicostoma is actually a misnomer, but improved understanding of this pathogen and others could benefit both fields. Improved practices in aquarium maintenance and husbandry would also benefit natural environments by reducing the scale of wild harvest and improving the potential for coral culture, both for the aquarium industry and for rehabilitation programmes.