Parsing the life-shortening effects of dietary protein: effects of individual amino acids
Parsing the life-shortening effects of dietary protein: effects of individual amino acids
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2016.2052
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发表时间：
2017-01-11
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Dussutour, Audrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arganda, Sara;Bouchebti, Sofia;Dussutour, Audrey
高蛋白饮食缩短了许多生物体的寿命。是因为蛋白质消化耗费能量，还是因为最终产品(氨基酸)有害？为了回答这个问题，同时绕过繁殖和长寿之间的生活史权衡，我们给不育的蚂蚁工蚁喂以全蛋白或游离氨基酸为基础的饮食。我们发现：(I)游离氨基酸缩短寿命的程度甚至超过蛋白质；(Ii)氨基酸与碳水化合物的比例越高，蚂蚁的寿命越短，脂肪储备越低；(Iii)在相同的氨基酸与碳水化合物比例下，食用游离氨基酸的蚂蚁比吃全蛋白质的蚂蚁拥有更多的脂肪储备；以及(Iv)在全蛋白质饮食中，蚂蚁似乎通过优先考虑糖来调节食物摄入量，而在游离氨基酸饮食中，它们似乎优先考虑氨基酸。为了测试氨基酸图谱的影响，我们测试了含有与蚂蚁外显子相匹配的每种氨基酸比例的饮食；令人惊讶的是，寿命没有受到这种变化的影响。我们进一步测试了除一种氨基酸外所有氨基酸都低于正常水平的饮食，发现蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和苯丙氨酸特别有害。总而言之，我们的结果表明，某些氨基酸是高蛋白饮食减少寿命的关键因素。
High-protein diets shorten lifespan in many organisms. Is it because protein digestion is energetically costly or because the final products (the amino acids) are harmful? To answer this question while circumventing the lifehistory trade-off between reproduction and longevity, we fed sterile ant workers on diets based on whole proteins or free amino acids. We found that (i) free amino acids shortened lifespan even more than proteins; (ii) the higher the amino acid-to-carbohydrate ratio, the shorter ants lived and the lower their lipid reserves; (iii) for the same amino acid-to-carbohydrate ratio, ants eating free amino acids had more lipid reserves than those eating whole proteins; and (iv) on whole protein diets, ants seem to regulate food intake by prioritizing sugar, while on free amino acid diets, they seem to prioritize amino acids. To test the effect of the amino acid profile, we tested diets containing proportions of each amino acid thatmatched the ant's exome; surprisingly, longevitywas unaffected by this change. We further tested diets with all amino acids under-represented except one, finding that methionine, serine, threonine and phenylalanine are especially harmful. All together, our results show certain amino acids are key elements behind the high-protein diet reduction in lifespan.