TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE
TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE
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DOI：
10.1016/0960-9822(91)90069-9
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
JANEWAY C A JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JANEWAY C A JR
自然杀伤(NK)细胞在宿主防御中具有独特的功能。它们通过杀死受感染但不是正常的自身细胞来保护身体免受病毒感染。在这篇文章中，我将提出一个模型，它可能解释NK细胞如何识别自身细胞被感染，并描述支持这一模型的最新数据。值得注意的是，这个过程似乎涉及相同的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类分子，这些分子被介导适应性免疫的杀手T细胞识别，但以一种全新的方式做到这一点。T细胞识别非我分子的存在，而NK细胞区分受感染的自我细胞和健康的自我细胞。脊椎动物的免疫系统的主要功能是防御宿主免受病原微生物的感染。获得性免疫是由淋巴细胞的克隆选择过程介导的，淋巴细胞的抗原受体基因在体细胞中重排，产生高度多样化的谱系。识别所有可能的非我分子的需要对适应性免疫反应施加的多样性有两个负面影响。首先，那些识别自身分子的细胞必须被删除或灭活，以避免自身免疫。其次，在整个剧目中，任何一种特殊的淋巴细胞都将是罕见的。因此，在产生持续的特异性效应细胞以清除感染之前，这些稀有的淋巴细胞经过克隆性扩增有一个标志和不确定的滞后期。因此，感染的初始阶段的特点是缺乏有效的适应性免疫。然而，东道主在这段时间里并不是手无寸铁的。相反，包括NK细胞在内的固有宿主防御系统在控制感染的早期阶段发挥着关键作用。
Natural killer (NK) cells have a distinctive function in host defence. They protect the body against viral infection by killing infected, but not normal, self cells. In this article I will present a model that may explain how NK cells recognize that a self cell is infected and describe recent data that support this model. Remarkably, the process appears to involve the same major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules that are recognized by the killer T cells that mediate adaptive immunity, but do so in a totally novel way. Whereas T cells recognize the presence of non-self molecules, NK cells discriminate infected self cells from healthy self cells.The vertebrate’s immune system has as its primary function the defence of the host against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Adaptive immunily is mediated by a process of clonal selection of lymphocytes, whose antigen receptor genes rearrange in somatic cells to generate a highly diverse repertoire. The diversity imposed on the adaptive immune response by the need to recognize all possible non-self molecules has two negative effects. First, those cells that recognize self molecules must be deleted or inactivated so as to avoid autoimmunity. Second, lymphocytes of any one specikity will be rare in the total repertoire. As a result, there is a sign& cant lag phase during which these rare lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion before sul&ient specilic effector cells are generated to clear an infection. Thus, the initial phase of an infection is characterized by the absence of effective adaptive immunity. However, the host is not defenceless during this period. Rather, the innate system of host defence, which includes NK cells, plays a crucial part in controlling the early phases of an infection.