AGING AND RETRIEVAL OF WORDS IN SEMANTIC MEMORY
AGING AND RETRIEVAL OF WORDS IN SEMANTIC MEMORY
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/40.1.71
复制
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
POON, LW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOWLES, NL;POON, LW
24岁的年轻人和24岁的老年人参加了一个词汇决策任务（研究1），在这个任务中，他们判断字母串是否为单词。在准确性和反应延迟方面没有发现年龄差异。在研究2中，18名年轻人和18岁的成年人参加了一个单词检索研究，在这个研究中，刺激是目标单词的定义，任务是命名所定义的单词。从成功检索的次数和反应潜伏期两方面来衡量，年轻人在单词检索方面都有优势。两组结果之间的差异归因于检索需求的差异，这在语义记忆的双成分模型框架内得到解释。结果表明，老年人在接受概念性刺激信息而非正字法刺激信息的情况下，在正字法组织的词汇网络中获取词名信息存在特异性缺陷。
Young (24) and 24 old adults participated in a lexical decision task (Study 1) in which they judged whether letter strings were words. No age differences were found in either accuracy or response latency. In Study 2, 18 young and 18 old participated in a word retrieval study in which the stimulus was the definition of a target word and the task was to name the word that was defined. Younger adults were superior in word retrieval as measured by both number of successful retrievals and response latency. The discrepancy between 2 sets of results is attributed to differences in retrieval requirements, which are interpreted within the framework of a 2-component model of semantic memory. It is suggested that older adults have a specific deficit in accessing word-name information in an orthographically organized lexical network given stimulus information that is conceptual rather than orthographic.