Gaming conservation: Nature 2.0 confronts nature-deficit disorder
Gaming conservation: Nature 2.0 confronts nature-deficit disorder
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.02.009
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fletcher, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fletcher, Robert
本文探讨了数字（视频和电脑）游戏在Buscher（2014）所称的“自然2.0”兴起中的作用：新的网络相关媒体，允许用户超越被动的偷窥，积极地“共同创造”或“消费”致力于生物多样性保护的组织所推动的图像和过程。长期以来，环保人士一直担心，电子技术对人类与非人类互动的影响越来越大，正在导致日益严重的“自然赤字失调”（NDD），从而减少对自然保护的支持。这种担忧似乎也涉及到包含自然2.0的电子媒体，但数字游戏正因其克服这一问题的潜力而日益受到环保组织的推崇。在本文中，我将通过分析致力于热带雨林保护问题的数字游戏来探索这一愿望在多大程度上是合理的。为了支持支持者的愿望，与NDD理论相反，我认为数字游戏提供的虚拟自然体验有时可能比大多数环保主义者所倡导的直接体验更能激发人们对环境事业的情感投入。另一方面，正如主流新媒体的批评者所言，沉浸在数字游戏中可能会产生一种虚假的代理感，因为相信虚拟游戏的有效性可能会阻碍人们更直接地参与复杂而有争议的“真实”自然资源管理政治。我认为，结果很可能是，数字游戏将扩大广泛记录的“环境价值-行为差距”，即公开承诺对环境事业的承诺与支持这些事业的有效行动之间的差距。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This article explores the role of digital (video and computer) games in the rise of what Buscher (2014) calls "nature 2.0": new web-related media that allow users to move beyond passive voyeurism to actively "co-create" or "prosume" the images and processes promoted by organizations committed to biodiversity conservation. EnVironmentalists have long expressed concern that increasing mediation of human nonhuman interactions by electronic technology is contributing to a growing "nature-deficit disorder" (NDD) and thereby diminishing support for conservation. This concern would seem to implicate the electronic media comprising nature 2.0 as well, yet digital games are increasingly promoted by environmental organizations precisely for their potential to overcome this very problem. In this paper, I explore to what extent this aspiration is warranted by analyzing digital games devoted to issues of tropical rainforest conservation. In support of proponents' aspirations and contra the NDD thesis, I suggest that the virtual nature experiences digital games provide may at times actually inspire more affective commitment to environmental causes than the direct experiences most conservationists advocate. On the other hand, as critics of overarching new media assert, engagement with digital games can create a false sense of agency in that belief in the efficacy of one's virtual engagement may discourage more direct entanglement in the complicated and contentious politics of "real" natural resource management. The result, I propose, is a likelihood that digital games will increase the widely documented "environmental values-behavior gap" between professed commitment to environmental causes and effective action in support of such causes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.