Wild herbivorous mammals (genus Neotoma) host a diverse but transient assemblage of fungi
Wild herbivorous mammals (genus Neotoma) host a diverse but transient assemblage of fungi
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DOI：
10.1007/s13199-022-00853-0
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
S. Weinstein;W. Stephens;R. Greenhalgh;J. Round;M. Dearing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Weinstein;W. Stephens;R. Greenhalgh;J. Round;M. Dearing
真菌在微生物组研究中经常被忽视，因此对哺乳动物真菌组知之甚少。虽然在脊椎动物的肠道中经常检测到，并且已知有助于一些食草动物的消化，但这些真核生物是否是哺乳动物肠道微生物组的持久部分仍然存在争议。为了解决这个问题，我们采样真菌从野生林鼠（Neotomaspp。）从美国西南部的25个种群中收集。对于每只动物，我们在野外收集了一份粪便样本，然后在控制饮食的圈养一个月后重新对同一个体进行采样。我们使用三种技术来表征和量化真菌：ITS元条形码、鸟枪元基因组学和qPCR。野生个体包含不同的真菌组合占主导地位的植物病原体，广泛的霉菌，粪菌类群主要在子囊菌门和毛霉门。真菌的丰度，多样性和组成不同的个人，主要是受动物的地理来源。真菌丰度和多样性显着下降，在圈养，表明大多数真菌在野生宿主来自饮食和环境暴露。虽然这表明这些哺乳动物缺乏持久的肠道真菌生物群，但自然真菌暴露仍可能影响真菌传播和动物健康。
Fungi are often overlooked in microbiome research and, as a result, little is known about the mammalian mycobiome. Although frequently detected in vertebrate guts and known to contribute to digestion in some herbivores, whether these eukaryotes are a persistent part of the mammalian gut microbiome remains contentious. To address this question, we sampled fungi from wild woodrats (Neotomaspp.) collected from 25 populations across the southwestern United States. For each animal, we collected a fecal sample in the wild, and then re-sampled the same individual after a month in captivity on a controlled diet. We characterized and quantified fungi using three techniques: ITS metabarcoding, shotgun metagenomics and qPCR. Wild individuals contained diverse fungal assemblages dominated by plant pathogens, widespread molds, and coprophilous taxa primarily in Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. Fungal abundance, diversity and composition differed between individuals, and was primarily influenced by animal geographic origin. Fungal abundance and diversity significantly declined in captivity, indicating that most fungi in wild hosts came from diet and environmental exposure. While this suggests that these mammals lack a persistent gut mycobiome, natural fungal exposure may still impact fungal dispersal and animal health.