Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography
Southeast Asia's changing palaeogeography
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DOI：
10.3767/000651909x475941
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Hall, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, R.
地质学为了解东南亚的动植物群分布提供了基础，但只有通过板块运动，古地理，海洋环流和气候的复杂相互作用。由于大陆碎片的增加，东南亚逐渐增长，这些碎片主要来自澳大利亚，并由于俯冲作用而增加到巽他大陆的边缘。从中生代开始，巽他地几乎是一个永久的陆地区域。婆罗洲西南部的大陆碎片和后来的东爪哇-西苏拉威西的大陆碎片在晚白垩世形成了一个更大的新兴陆地区域，从印度支那延伸到西苏拉威西。始新世时，巽他大陆边缘的俯冲作用又重新开始，这导致巽他大陆内部广泛的裂谷，并在其边缘形成了最重要的屏障之一--马卡萨尔海峡。大约2500万年前，澳大利亚开始与东南亚碰撞，有效地关闭了分隔两个大陆的前深海，形成了现在被称为Wallacea的地区。碰撞、火山作用和俯冲相关的过程导致了山脉的上升，但也在这个复杂的地区形成了新的海洋。板块构造运动和碰撞与不断变化的地形、水深和陆地/海洋分布密切相关，而这些又反过来影响海洋环流和气候。随着澳大利亚和东南亚之间的深水屏障消失，山脉上升，深海盆地也形成了，海平面的升降变化进一步促成了复杂的古地理。目前太平洋和印度洋之间的门户是世界海洋之间唯一的低纬度海洋通道，对当地和可能的全球气候有重要影响。这条通道在过去可能同样重要。了解地质学，然后是古地理学，然后是它们对海洋和气候的影响，是解释目前动植物分布的重要步骤。
Geology provides the basis for understanding distributions of faunas and floras in Southeast Asia but only via a complex interplay of plate movements, palaeogeography, ocean circulation and climate. Southeast Asia grew incrementally by the addition of continental fragments, mainly rifted from Australia, and added to the margins of Sundaland as a result of subduction. Sundaland was an almost permanent land area from the beginning of the Mesozoic. The addition of the continental fragments of Southwest Borneo and later East Java-West Sulawesi formed a much larger emergent land area by the Late Cretaceous that extended from Indochina to West Sulawesi. Subduction resumed at the Sundaland margin in the Eocene and this led to widespread rifting within Sundaland, and formed one of the most important barriers at its edge, the Makassar Straits. Australia began to collide with Southeast Asia about 25 million years ago, effectively closing the former deep ocean separating the two continents, and forming the region now known as Wallacea. Collision, volcanism, and subduction-related processes have led to rise of mountains but also formed new oceans within this complex region. Plate tectonic movements and collisions were intimately linked to changing topography, bathymetry and land/sea distributions which have in turn influenced oceanic circulation and climate. As the deep-water barrier between Australia and Southeast Asia was eliminated and mountains rose, deep marine basins also formed, Eustatic changes in sea level further contributed to a complex palaeogeography. The present gateway between the Pacific and Indian Oceans is the only low latitude oceanic passage between the world's oceans, and is an important influence on local and probably global climate. The gateway is likely to have been just as significant in the past. Understanding the geology, then palaeogeography, and then their oceanic and climatic consequences are vital steps on the way to interpreting present distributions of plants and animals.