The eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999
The eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 1999
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1995年至1999年蒙特塞拉特苏弗里耶尔山火山的喷发
DOI：
10.1144/gsl.mem.2002.021
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
B. Voight
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Druitt;E. Calder;P. Cole;L. Ritchie;R. S. J. Sparks;B. Voight
火山是地球内部能量在地表最猛烈的表现。只有大型地外天体的撞击才能与最大火山的爆炸性释放和破坏相媲美。事实上，对于地球上见过的一些最戏剧性的事件--陆地上动物的大规模灭绝--仍然没有定论，它们是由陨石撞击造成的，还是由火山活动的大范围影响造成的。当谈到持续的视觉影响时，火山也有这一点。地震、海啸和雪崩都造成了巨大的破坏，但这是在眨眼之间完成的，洪水的上升具有渐进和令人沮丧的必然性。火山只是对地球上生命的破坏性自然灾害中最壮观的一种。
对于那些足够远的人来说，火山可以提供一个真正令人敬畏的烟火展示地球的固有力量-一个自然的，壮观的儿子和卢米埃。出于这个原因，自古以来，它们就像警报器一样吸引着地质学家、摄影师、电影制作人和其他许多人。而且，就像古代寓言中的警报器一样，他们引诱了太多敢于靠近的人走向死亡。的确，火山在古代世界激发了如此多的敬畏，以至于他们自己的神话如雨后春笋般涌现出来。独眼巨人独眼巨人，无缘无故地向远处投掷石块，杀死放牧羊群的牧羊人，我们今天所知的埃特纳山。这位巨人还能够在他落地的地方让泉水流动--在火山爆发期间，地下水流动被破坏的情况并不少见。
Volcanoes are the most violent surface expression of the Earth’s internal energy. Only impacts of large extra-terrestrial bodies can match the explosive release and devastation of the largest volcanoes. Indeed for some of the most dramatic events the Earth has seen - the large terrestrial extinctions of animal life - the jury is still out as to whether they were brought about by meteoritic impact or by wide-scale effects of volcanic activity. Volcanoes have it too when it comes to sustained visual impact. Earthquakes, tsunamis and avalanches all cause massive devastation, but it is accomplished in the blink of an eye, and floods rise with a progressive and depressing inevitability. Volcanoes are simply the most spectacular of the destructive natural hazards to life on Earth.
To those who are far enough away to view them in safety, volcanoes can offer a truly awe-inspiring pyrotechnic display of the Earth’s innate power- a natural, spectacular son et lumiere. For this reason from time immemorial they have exerted a siren-like attraction for geologists, photographers, filmmakers and many others. And, like the sirens of ancient fable, they have lured to their death all too many of those who dared to get too close. Indeed volcanoes inspired such awe in the ancient world that their own mythology sprang up about them. Cyclops, the one-eyed giant who all-unprovoked threw rocks great distances to kill shepherds tending their flocks, we know today as Mount Etna. The giant was also able to cause springs to flow where he struck the ground-it is not uncommon for groundwater flows to be disrupted during volcanic episodes.