The Society of Algorithms
The Society of Algorithms
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-090820-020800
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fourcade, Marion
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burrell, Jenna;Fourcade, Marion
将大量数据集与用计算机代码编写的过程或算法配对，以进行分类、组织、提取或挖掘，几乎已经进入了每一个主要的社会机构。本文提出了一个阅读的学术文献有关的社会影响，这一转变。首先，我们讨论一个新的职业阶层的兴起，我们称之为编码精英。这个群体通过对数字生产手段的技术控制，以及从新边缘化或无薪劳动力（网络劳工）中榨取劳动力，巩固了权力。第二，我们表明，数学优化技术在教育、医疗、信贷和金融以及刑事司法等不同领域的实施，加强了决策的精算逻辑的主导地位，可能会改变社会再生产和流动性的途径，但也会产生这样的阻力。第三，我们将探讨数字通信中同样普遍的算法中介如何改变人们互动、关联和思考的方式。最后，我们对人工智能最疯狂的承诺提出警告，但承认算法过程、社会结构和主观性之间的耦合越来越紧密。
The pairing of massive data sets with processes-or algorithms-written in computer code to sort through, organize, extract, or mine them has made inroads in almost every major social institution. This article proposes a reading of the scholarly literature concerned with the social implications of this transformation. First, we discuss the rise of a new occupational class, which we call the coding elite. This group has consolidated power through their technical control over the digital means of production and by extracting labor from a newly marginalized or unpaid workforce, the cybertariat. Second, we show that the implementation of techniques of mathematical optimization across domains as varied as education, medicine, credit and finance, and criminal justice has intensified the dominance of actuarial logics of decision-making, potentially transforming pathways to social reproduction and mobility but also generating a pushback by those so governed. Third, we explore how the same pervasive algorithmic intermediation in digital communication is transforming the way people interact, associate, and think. We conclude by cautioning against the wildest promises of artificial intelligence but acknowledging the increasingly tight coupling between algorithmic processes, social structures, and subjectivities.