MECHANISMS OF ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY IN LEISHMANIASIS
MECHANISMS OF ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY IN LEISHMANIASIS
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1984.0111
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
LIEW, FY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOWARD, JG;LIEW, FY
自愈皮肤利什曼病依赖于感染巨噬细胞的T细胞介导的免疫激活。在皮肤黏膜转移和内脏疾病的近交系小鼠模型中，免疫控制的失败分别涉及寄生虫的不敏感性和抑制潜在疗效反应的T细胞的产生。到目前为止，人类的预防性免疫仅限于皮肤利什曼病，并基于在受控条件下用致病的热带利什曼原虫主要前鞭毛体诱导感染。内脏利什曼病免疫的可行性值得重新考虑。BALB/c小鼠在遗传上容易受到大乳杆菌的感染，这种疾病会产生一种致命的内脏类型的疾病，包括对细胞介导的免疫的特异性抑制。用辐照的前鞭毛体反复静脉免疫可产生有效和持久的保护作用。该疫苗的效力是相对热稳定的(56度1小时)。c)。免疫不是由于抗体，而是由于Lyt-1+2-T细胞的产生，尽管Lyt-1+2-T细胞具有辅助和巨噬细胞激活功能，但并不表现出典型的迟发性超敏反应。该系统的免疫学特征及其与预防人类杜氏乳杆菌感染的可能性的相关性被考虑。
Self-curing cutaneous leishmaniasis depends on T cell-mediated immune activation of infected macrophages. Failure of immune control in inbred mouse models of metastasizing mucocutaneous and visceralizing forms of the disease involves, respectively, insusceptibility of the parasite and the generation of T cells that suppress a potentially curative response. Prophylactic immunization in man has so far been restricted to cutaneous leishmaniasis and based on inducing infection under controlled conditions with virulent Leishmania tropica major promastigotes. The feasibility of immunization against visceral leishmaniasis merits reconsideration. BALB/c mice are genetically vulnerable to L. t. major, which produces a fatal visceralizing type of disease involving specific suppression of cell-mediated immunity. Potent and lasting protection can be induced by repeated intravenous immunization with irradiated promastigotes. The efficacy of this vaccine is relatively heat-stable (1 h at 56.degree. C). Immunity is not attributable to antibody but to the generation of Lyt-1+2- T cells which, although possessing helper and macrophage-activating functions, do not express classical delayed-type hypersensitivity. The immunological features of this system and its relevance to the possibility of protection against human L. donovani infection are considered.