Gaussian approximations in filters and smoothers for data assimilation
Gaussian approximations in filters and smoothers for data assimilation
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用于数据同化的滤波器和平滑器中的高斯近似
DOI:
10.1080/16000870.2019.1600344
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hodyss, Daniel
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Morzfeld, Matthias;Hodyss, Daniel
We present mathematical arguments and experimental evidence that suggest that Gaussian approximations of posterior distributions are appropriate even if the physical system under consideration is nonlinear. The reason for this is a regularizing effect of the observations that can turn multi-modal prior distributions into nearly Gaussian posterior distributions. This has important ramifications on data assimilation (DA) algorithms in numerical weather prediction because the various algorithms (ensemble Kalman filters/smoothers, variational methods, particle filters (PF)/smoothers (PS)) apply Gaussian approximations to different distributions, which leads to different approximate posterior distributions, and, subsequently, different degrees of error in their representation of the true posterior distribution. In particular, we explain that, in problems with ‘medium’ nonlinearity, (i) smoothers and variational methods tend to outperform ensemble Kalman filters; (ii) smoothers can be as accurate as PF, but may require fewer ensemble members; (iii) localization of PFs can introduce errors that are more severe than errors due to Gaussian approximations. In problems with ‘strong’ nonlinearity, posterior distributions are not amenable to Gaussian approximation. This happens, e.g. when posterior distributions are multi-modal. PFs can be used on these problems, but the required ensemble size is expected to be large (hundreds to thousands), even if the PFs are localized. Moreover, the usual indicators of performance (small root mean square error and comparable spread) may not be useful in strongly nonlinear problems. We arrive at these conclusions using a combination of theoretical considerations and a suite of numerical DA experiments with low- and high-dimensional nonlinear models in which we can control the nonlinearity.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2011
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
作者:
C. Snyder
通讯作者:
C. Snyder
影响因子:
1
作者:
D. Hodyss;T. Nathan
通讯作者:
T. Nathan
影响因子:
3.2
作者:
D. Hodyss;W. Campbell
通讯作者:
W. Campbell
影响因子:
2.2
作者:
B. Weir;Robert N. Miller;Y. Spitz
通讯作者:
Y. Spitz
影响因子:
3.2
作者:
Hodyss, Daniel;Campbell, William F.;Whitaker, Jeffrey S.
通讯作者:
Whitaker, Jeffrey S.