Nanotechnologies for the formation of medical implants based on titanium alloys with bioactive coatings
Nanotechnologies for the formation of medical implants based on titanium alloys with bioactive coatings
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用于形成基于具有生物活性涂层的钛合金的医疗植入物的纳米技术
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Kolobov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Kolobov
本文综述了现代医用植入材料的主要制备方法，包括材料的选择原则、生物化学相容性、生物力学相容性和工艺有效性。钛合金被认为是最有前景和最广泛的骨外科、骨科和口腔科植入物材料。过去十年的趋势是从钛合金结构中排除可能导致活组织局部过敏反应或对生物体产生一般毒性作用的合金成分。保持高生物化学相容性与钛合金的机械性能的必要增加的一个折衷方案是基于在商业纯钛中形成亚微晶（SMC）或纳米结构（NS）状态。证实了SMC和NS钛作为制造植入物的材料的前景。本文对晶间区扩散特征的实验和理论研究结果进行了分析，并讨论了扩散控制过程在金属和合金微观结构形成中的作用以及微观结构状态。证明了在原子水平上建立扩散特性对平均晶粒尺寸和截面内部边界的结构状态的晶间区域的依赖性的计算机模拟的效率。一个简短的描述的模拟和半工业的方法形成的SMC和NS状态的金属和合金，通过严重的塑性变形，这是已知的材料相关的“自上而下的方法”，假设初始结构被粉碎到纳米级的组件。特别注意的是，最近开发的低成本和高效率的技术方案，用于大规模生产的纳米结构的钛合金用于医疗目的，包括径向移动和螺旋轧制，沿着与传统的机械热处理方法的组合，这使得有可能接收的分类的钛和它的合金所需的医疗植入物和工具的大规模生产。
The main approaches to the formation of modern functional materials for medical implants, including the principles of material choice on the criteria of their biochemical and biomechanical compatibility and their technological effectiveness, are represented in this review. Titanium alloys are considered the most prospective and extended materials for implants in traumatology, orthopedics, and stomatology. The trend over the last decade has been to exclude alloying components that may cause local allergic reactions on living tissues or general toxic effects on an organism from the structure of titanium alloys. One compromise to preserve high biochemical compatibility with the necessary increase in the mechanical properties of titanium alloys is based on the formation of submicrocrystalline (SMC) or nanostructured (NS) states in commercially pure titanium. The prospect of using SMC and NS titanium as a material for manufacturing implants is proven. An analysis of the results of experimental and theoretical research of the diffusion features on intergranular areas is carried out, and the role of diffusion-controlled processes in the formation of a microstructure of metals and alloys, as well as the microstructured state, is discussed. The efficiency of computer simulation on an atomic level in establishing the dependence of diffusion characteristics on intergranular areas from the average grain size and the structural state of internal boundaries of section is proven. A short description of simulation and semi-industrial methods of the formation of SMC and NS states in metals and alloys by means of severe plastic deformation—which are known as materials related to the “top-down approach,” assuming the initial structure is crushed to nanosized components—is presented. Special attention is given to the recent developed of low-cost and high-efficiency technological schemes for the mass production of nanostructured titanium alloys for medical purposes, including radial-shift and screw rollings, along with a combination of traditional methods of mechanical-thermal processing, which make it possible to receive an assortment of the titanium and its alloys necessary for the mass production of medical implants and tools.