Socioeconomic inequalities in children's exposure to tobacco retailing based on individual-level GPS data in Scotland
Socioeconomic inequalities in children's exposure to tobacco retailing based on individual-level GPS data in Scotland
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054891
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caryl, Fiona;Shortt, Niamh K.;Mitchell, Richard
确定影响青春期前对烟草产品的知识和态度的因素是支持旨在预防吸烟的烟草控制政策的关键组成部分。本研究量化暴露于烟草零售环境内的儿童在社会经济gradient.Methods一个星期的全球定位系统（GPS）的跟踪数据收集在10秒的时间间隔从全国代表性的样本10-11奥尔兹的青少年（n=692）的个人活动空间。GPS位置（n=类似于16 M）到最近的烟草零售商（n=9030）的接近度进行了测量，当一个孩子来到零售商的10米范围内时，定义了暴露。持续时间，频率，时间和暴露源进行了比较收入剥夺五分之一，沿着与零售密度在儿童的家庭neighborhoods.Results平均，儿童暴露于烟草零售为22.7分钟（95%CI 16.8至28.6），每周42.7（35.2-50.1）独立的遭遇。然而，来自最贫困地区的儿童累积暴露时间是来自最贫困地区儿童的六倍，暴露频率是来自最贫困地区儿童的七倍。在贫困地区，住宅区的零售密度高出2.6倍，但遇到的企业平均数量没有差异。大多数曝光来自便利店（35%）和报摊（15%），与时间高峰前和放学后hours.Conclusions占个人流动性，我们发现，在社会弱势地区的儿童积累更高的水平，暴露于烟草零售比预期的差距，在家庭邻里密度。减少烟草销售点，特别是在儿童经常使用的地区，可能对旨在创造“无烟草”一代的政策至关重要。
Background Identifying factors shaping knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco products in preadolescence is a key component supporting tobacco control policies aimed at preventing smoking initiation. This study quantified exposure to tobacco retailing environments within the individual-level activity spaces of children across a socioeconomic gradient.Methods One week of global positioning system (GPS) tracking data were collected at 10s intervals from a nationally representative sample of 10-11-year olds (n=692). Proximity of GPS locations (n=similar to 16 M) to the nearest tobacco retailer (n=9030) was measured and exposure defined when a child came within 10 m of a retailer. Duration, frequency, timing and source of exposure were compared across income deprivation quintiles, along with retail density within children's home neighbourhoods.Results On average, children were exposed to tobacco retailing for 22.7 min (95% CI 16.8 to 28.6) per week in 42.7 (35.2-50.1) independent encounters. However, children from the most deprived areas accumulated six times the duration and seven times the frequency of exposure as children from the least deprived areas. Home neighbourhood retail densities were 2.6 times higher in deprived areas, yet the average number of businesses encountered did not differ. Most exposure came from convenience stores (35%) and newsagents (15%), with temporal peaks before and after school hours.Conclusions By accounting for individual mobility, we showed that children in socially disadvantaged areas accumulate higher levels of exposure to tobacco retailing than expected from disparities in home neighbourhood densities. Reducing tobacco outlet availability, particularly in areas frequently used by children, might be crucial to policies aimed at creating 'tobacco-free' generations.