Evaluation of the influence of irrigation methods and water quality on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency
Evaluation of the influence of irrigation methods and water quality on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2009.10.010
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
A. Hassanli;S. Ahmadirad;S. Beecham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hassanli;S. Ahmadirad;S. Beecham
快速的城市化和工业化增加了现有有限淡水的压力，以满足日益增长的粮食生产需求。对这一挑战的两个直接反应是有效利用灌溉技术和使用替代水源。滴灌方法可能在有效利用水资源方面发挥重要作用，但在伊朗等干旱国家，关于滴灌方法在甜菜作物上的使用情况的信息仍然有限。通过田间试验研究了不同灌溉方式和不同水质对甜菜产量、含糖率和灌溉水利用效率的影响。研究的灌溉方式有地下滴灌、地面滴灌和沟灌。所用的两种沃茨是处理过的城市污水（EC=1.52dSm−1）和淡水（EC=0.509dSm−1）。实验采用裂区设计，在伊朗南部连续两个生长季节进行。统计检验表明，灌溉方式和水质对甜菜根产量、产糖量和IWUE有显著影响（1%水平）。地面滴灌和污水处理的根系产量最高（79.7Mgha-1），沟灌和淡水处理的根系产量最低（41.4Mgha-1）。根系产量生产的IWUE以地面滴灌污水灌溉最高（9 kgm −3），以沟灌清水灌溉最低（3.8kgm−3）。地面滴灌获得最高的IWUE为1.26kgm-3。使用流出物的相应效率为1.14kgm−3。污水灌溉导致净糖产量的增加，由于甜菜根产量的增加。然而，植物中的糖含量百分比略有下降。本研究还表明，土壤水分和根深监测可以用于灌溉调度，以避免水分胁迫。这种监测技术还可以节省大量的灌溉用水，并提高产量。
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have increased the pressure on limited existing fresh water to meet the growing needs for food production. Two immediate responses to this challenge are the efficient use of irrigation technology and the use of alternative sources of water. Drip irrigation methods may play an important role in efficient use of water but there is still limited information on their use on sugar beet crops in arid countries such as Iran. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation method and water quality on sugar beet yield, percentage of sugar content and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). The irrigation methods investigated were subsurface drip, surface drip and furrow irrigation. The two waters used were treated municipal effluent (EC=1.52dSm−1) and fresh water (EC=0.509dSm−1). The experiments used a split plot design and were undertaken over two consecutive growing seasons in Southern Iran. Statistical testing indicated that the irrigation method and water quality had a significant effect (at the 1% level) on sugar beet root yield, sugar yield, and IWUE. The highest root yield (79.7Mgha−1) was obtained using surface drip irrigation and effluent and the lowest root yield (41.4Mgha−1) was obtained using furrow irrigation and fresh water. The highest IWUE in root yield production (9kgm−3) was obtained using surface drip irrigation with effluent and the lowest value (3.8kgm−3) was obtained using furrow irrigation with fresh water. The highest IWUE of 1.26kgm−3for sugar was obtained using surface drip irrigation. The corresponding efficiency using effluent was 1.14kgm−3. Irrigation with effluent led to an increase in the net sugar yield due to an increase in the sugar beet root yield. However, there was a slight reduction in the percentage sugar content in the plants. This study also showed that soil water and root depth monitoring can be used in irrigation scheduling to avoid water stress. Such monitoring techniques can also save considerable volumes of irrigation water and can increase yield.