Biodiversity Conservation in Bolivia: History, Trends and Challenges
Biodiversity Conservation in Bolivia: History, Trends and Challenges
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玻利维亚的生物多样性保护：历史、趋势和挑战
DOI：
10.1007/1-4020-3774-0_3
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Ibisch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Ibisch
玻利维亚是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，拥有广阔、完整的湿润和干燥森林生态系统；然而，它是南美洲最贫穷的国家，贫穷和发展导致生物多样性退化和丧失。从19世纪第一部物种保护法的出台，到20世纪中叶第一个国家公园的建立，再到《联合国生物多样性公约》的实施，国家生物多样性战略的制定，以及目前全国保护区覆盖率达到16%，保护工作发展迅速。然而，这与加快经济发展存在着严重的矛盾。最合理的生态区面临的威胁（如人口从安第斯山脉转移到森林低地、农业活动增加、石油和天然气部门活动增加、森林砍伐、气候变化）代表着重要的保护问题。基于目前的制度、社会、经济和生态状况，本文描述了未来生物多样性保护面临的一般挑战。
Bolivia is one of the most biological diverse countries of the world maintaining vast, intact humid and dry forest ecosystems; yet, it is the poorest country in South America where both poverty and development lead to biodiversity degradation and loss. Conservation efforts have evolved rapidly from the first species-protection-laws in the nineteenth century, to the creation of the first national park in the mid-twentieth century, to the implementation of the U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity, the formulation of a national biodiversity strategy, and a current national protected-area-coverage of 16%. However, there are severe conflicts with accelerating economic and development. Threats in the most sensible ecoregions (e.g. population shifts from the Andes to the forest lowlands, increasing agricultural activities, growing activities of the oil and gas sector, deforestation, climate change) represent important conservation problems. Based on the current institutional, social, economic and ecological situation, the paper describes the general challenges for future biodiversity conservation.