Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition
Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.100.115024
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
O. Gould;J. Kozaczuk;L. Niemi;M. Ramsey-Musolf;T. Tenkanen;D. Weir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Gould;J. Kozaczuk;L. Niemi;M. Ramsey-Musolf;T. Tenkanen;D. Weir
我们使用降维有效场理论框架和预先存在的非微扰模拟结果，首次对热一阶电弱相变（EWPT）的引力波功率谱进行端到端非微扰分析。我们能够证明，在标准模型（BSM）之外的任何场景中，可以通过类似标准模型的远距离有效理论来描述的一阶 EWPT 将产生太弱的引力波特征，无法在现有和计划的探测器中观察到。这意味着对撞机很可能提供探索此类理论相结构的最佳机会，而在引力波实验中足够强大的转变需要以前被忽略的高维算子或光 BSM 场包含在降维的有效理论中，因此需要专门的非微扰研究。作为具体应用，我们分析了真实的单重态扩展标准模型，并识别具有单步一阶转换的参数空间区域，将我们的发现与使用完全微扰方法获得的结果进行比较。根据我们的非微扰结果，我们讨论了在对撞机和引力波实验中探索该模型中的电弱相图的前景。
We present the first end-to-end nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational wave power spectrum from a thermal first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT), using the framework of dimensionally reduced effective field theory and preexisting nonperturbative simulation results. We are able to show that a first-order EWPT in any beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenario that can be described by a Standard Model-like effective theory at long distances will produce gravitational wave signatures too weak to be observed at existing and planned detectors. This implies that colliders are likely to provide the best chance of exploring the phase structure of such theories, while transitions strong enough to be detected at gravitational wave experiments require either previously neglected higher-dimension operators or light BSM fields to be included in the dimensionally reduced effective theory and therefore necessitate dedicated nonperturbative studies. As a concrete application, we analyze the real singlet-extended Standard Model and identify regions of parameter space with single-step first-order transitions, comparing our findings to those obtained using a fully perturbative method. We discuss the prospects for exploring the electroweak phase diagram in this model at collider and gravitational wave experiments in light of our nonperturbative results.