Effects of tillage intensity on pore system and physical quality of silt-textured soils detected by multiple methods
Effects of tillage intensity on pore system and physical quality of silt-textured soils detected by multiple methods
复制标题
多种方法检测耕作强度对粉质土孔隙系统及物理品质的影响
DOI：
10.1071/sr18347
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
A. Schwen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Weninger;Janis Kreiselmeier;P. Chandrasekhar;S. Julich;K. Feger;K. Schwärzel;G. Bodner;A. Schwen
了解农业管理措施对土壤功能的影响是环境科学和农业实践中的一个持续挑战。在本研究中，我们量化的影响，耕作强度的变化对土壤物理质量和孔隙大小分布后，6年，10年和23年。在中欧的三个长期耕作试验点，我们分析了四种不同土壤管理系统下的土壤：传统的犁板耕作;凿+旋转耙;旋转耙;免耕。这些处理在机械强度和深度上不同。根据高分辨率测量的土壤持水曲线计算孔隙大小分布。随后，功能孔径级和土壤物理质量指标的分数进行了测定和比较处理之间。此外，我们评估了两种孔径分布计算方法的性能：（1）平滑三次样条拟合;和（2）双峰货车van Schmidchten函数。参数函数产生约3- 5%的较高比例的存储孔。多种测量和评价方法相结合，可以详细比较不同耕作处理之间的土壤物理特性。与其他处理相比，免耕土壤表现出明显的缺乏渗透孔隙和较高的容重，但相似的植物有效水容量。在所有的土壤管理系统，通气赤字进行了观察，强调压实的淤泥为主的耕地土壤有机质含量低的高度脆弱性。因此，在设计这类土壤的农业土壤管理战略时，需要像考虑侵蚀或化学退化一样彻底考虑压实的风险。
Understanding the effects of agricultural management practices on soil functionality is an ongoing challenge in environmental science and agricultural practice. In the present study we quantified the effects of changes in tillage intensity on soil physical quality and pore size distribution after 6, 10 and 23 years. At three long-term tillage experimental sites in central Europe we analysed soils under four different soil management systems: conventional mouldboard tillage; chiselling + rotary harrow; rotary harrow; and no till. These treatments differed in mechanical intensity and depth. Pore size distributions were calculated from soil water retention curves based on high-resolution measurements. Subsequently, fractions of functional pore size classes and indicators of soil physical quality were determined and compared between the treatments. In addition, we evaluated the performance of two calculation approaches for pore size distribution: (1) fitting of a smoothing cubic spline; and (2) a bimodal van Genuchten function. The parametric function yielded a higher proportion of storage pores by approximately 3–5%. The combination of multiple measurement and evaluation methods enabled detailed comparison of soil physical characteristics between different tillage treatments. No-till soils showed a distinct lack of transmissive pores and higher bulk density, but similar plant-available water capacity, compared with the other treatments. Under all soil management systems, aeration deficits were observed, emphasising the high vulnerability for compaction of silt-dominated arable soils with a low organic matter content. Hence, the design of agricultural soil management strategies on such soils needs to consider the risks of compaction as thoroughly as erosion or chemical degradation.