Physioecology of zooplankton. I. Effects of phytoplankton concentration, temperature, and body size on the growth rate of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus sp.
Physioecology of zooplankton. I. Effects of phytoplankton concentration, temperature, and body size on the growth rate of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus sp.
复制标题
浮游动物的生理生态学。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Vidal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Vidal
在浮游植物浓度和温度的不同组合下培养的太平洋哲水蚤和拟哲水蚤的桡足幼体阶段的干重和重量比生长速率的变化进行了测量。早期桡足类的平均干重是相对不受影响的食物浓度或温度，但平均干重的后期阶段增加与食物浓度呈双曲线，并呈负相关的温度。达到最大体重时的食物浓度随温度和体型的增加而增加，且C.这表明最终的小型桡足类物种的身体大小可能主要由温度决定，而最终的大型物种的身体大小可能更依赖于食物浓度比温度。个体体重随年龄呈S形增加。体重比生长率随食物浓度呈双曲线增加。最大生长速率随体重的增加呈线性下降，直线的斜率与温度成正比。在高温条件下，生长的临界食物浓度随个体大小的增加而增加，但在低温条件下，其增加幅度较大。由于这些相互作用，早期桡足类优化生长在高温下，即使在低食物浓度，但在类似的食物条件下，后期阶段达到较高的增长在低温下。这两个物种的生长模式是相同的，但速率显着较高的较大的物种，C。根据本研究的结果和对其他研究中最大生长率、体长和温度之间关系的分析，我们认为：（1）根据体长的相似性来推断一个种与另一个种的生长率是不合理的，即使对于分类学上相关的种也是如此;（2）异速生长模型不足以描述种内最大体重比生长速率与体尺的关系，（3）该速率的体尺依赖性受温度的强烈影响;（4）浮游动物的种类似乎在地理上和垂直上分布，与身体大小和食物供应有关，以优化其生命周期各个阶段的生长速度。
Changes in dry weight and in weight-specific growth rates were measured for copepodite stages of Calanus pacificus Brodsky and Pseudocalanus sp. cultured under various combinations of phytoplankton concentration and temperature. Mean dry weight of early copepodites was relatively unaffected by either food concentration or temperature, but mean dry weight of late stages increased hyperbolically with food concentration and was inversely related to temperature. The food concentration at which maximum body weight was attained increased with increasing temperature and body size, and it was considerably higher for C. pacificus than for Pseudocalanus sp. This suggests that final body size of small species of copepods may be determined primarily by temperature, whereas final body size of large species may be more dependent on food concentration than on temperature. Individual body weight increased sigmoidally with age. The weight-specific growth rate increased hyperbolically with food concentration. The maximum growth rate decreased logarithmically with a linear increase in body weight, and the slope of the lines was proportional to temperature. The critical food concentration for growth increased with body size proportionally more at high than at low temperature, and it was considerably higher for C. pacificus than for Pseudocalanus sp. Because of these interactions, early copepodites optimized growth at high temperature, even at low food concentrations, but under similar food conditions late stages attained higher growth at low temperature. The same growth patterns were found for both species, but the rates were significantly higher for the larger species, C. pacificus, than for the smaller one, Pseudocalanus sp. On the basis of findings in this study and of analyses of relationships between the maximum growth rate, body size, and temperature from other studies it is postulated (1) that the extrapolation of growth rates from one species to another on the basis of similarity in body size is not justified, even for taxonomically related species; (2) that the allometric model is inadequate for describing the relationship between the maximum weight-specific growth rate and body size at the intraspecific level; (3) that the body-size dependence of this rate is strongly influenced by temperature; and (4) that species of zooplankton seem to be geographically and vertically distributed, in relation to body size and food availability, to optimize growth rates at various stages of their life cycles.