Defeating the Devil's Arm: The Victory over the Short-Handled Hoe in California Agriculture
Defeating the Devil's Arm: The Victory over the Short-Handled Hoe in California Agriculture
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DOI：
10.3098/ah.2015.089.4.494
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Cozzens, Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cozzens, Taylor
在世纪中期，许多加州的种植者要求他们的田间工人使用短柄锄头来间苗和除草，如莴苣和甜菜。由于只有一个8到18英寸的手柄，这种工具只能在弯腰的情况下使用。随着时间的推移，这种弯腰会引起慢性背痛，而且往往会使背部受伤。1970年，拉丁裔活动家塞萨尔查韦斯恳求加州农村法律的援助的年轻律师莫里斯查韦斯找到一种方法来取缔这种工具。在接下来的四年里，迈克尔和他的上司马丁·格利克（Martin Glick）一直致力于此。尽管种植者的反对和加州官员的偏见，他们最终说服了州政府，这种工具可以也应该被普通的长锄头取代。通过这个案例，许多加州的领导人和公民开始更加认真地考虑拉丁裔工人的身体健康。
In the mid twentieth century many California growers required their field workers to use the short-handled hoe to thin and weed crops such as lettuce and sugar beets. With only an eight to eighteen-inch handle, this tool could be used only in a stooped position. Over time, such stooping caused chronic back pain and, often, debilitating back injuries. In 1970 Latino activist Cesar Chavez implored Maurice Jourdane, a young lawyer of the California Rural Legal Assistance, to find a way to outlaw the tool. For the next four years, Jourdane and his supervisor, Martin Glick, worked to do just this. Despite opposition from growers and the bias of California officials, they eventually convinced the state government that the tool could and should be replaced with the regular long hoe. Through this case, many California leaders and citizens came to consider more seriously the physical wellbeing of Latino workers.