Experience-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms, developmental plasticity, and the biological embedding of chronic disease risk.
Experience-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms, developmental plasticity, and the biological embedding of chronic disease risk.
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经验敏感的表观遗传机制、发育可塑性和慢性病风险的生物嵌入。
DOI：
10.1002/wsbm.1291
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cunliffe VT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cunliffe VT
广泛的发育、营养、环境和社会因素影响表观遗传机制的生物活性。这些因素以各种不同的方式改变基因表达的时空模式，并对整个生命过程的发育、生理和疾病风险产生重大影响。大量证据表明，行为压力源和不良营养条件是表观遗传变化的特别有效的诱因和慢性病风险的增强剂。来自人类临床研究和模式生物研究的最新见解进一步表明，这种依赖于经验的表观基因组变化可以通过种系跨多代传播，对适应性和适应不良表型的遗传力产生重要影响。因此，表观遗传学研究为开发获得性慢性病风险的信息生物标志物以及确定预防和治疗干预措施的有效性提供了多种可能性。此外，这些疾病风险的经验敏感性引发了关于社会和个人在发展过程中、整个生命历程和代际之间预防疾病和促进福祉的责任的重要问题。因此，更好地了解表观遗传机制如何调节发育可塑性和介导慢性疾病风险的生物嵌入，可能会对连接社会和健康不平等的病理生理机制的本质产生重要的新认识，并将有助于为该领域的公共政策举措提供信息。WIREs Syst Biol Med2015，7：53-71。 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1291本文分类为：发育生物学 > 健康和疾病生理学的发育过程 > 模式生物的生理学生物机制 > 调节生物学
A wide range of developmental, nutritional, environmental, and social factors affect the biological activities of epigenetic mechanisms. These factors change spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression in a variety of different ways and bring significant impacts to bear on development, physiology, and disease risk throughout the life course. Abundant evidence demonstrates that behavioral stressors and adverse nutritional conditions are particularly potent inducers of epigenetic changes and enhancers of chronic disease risks. Recent insights from both human clinical studies and research with model organisms further indicate that such experience‐dependent changes to the epigenome can be transmitted through the germline across multiple generations, with important consequences for the heritability of both adaptive and maladaptive phenotypes. Epigenetics research thus offers many possibilities for developing informative biomarkers of acquired chronic disease risk and determining the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Moreover, the experience‐sensitive nature of these disease risks raises important questions about societal and individual responsibilities for the prevention of ill‐health and the promotion of well‐being during development, across the life course and between generations. Better understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms regulate developmental plasticity and mediate the biological embedding of chronic disease risks is therefore likely to shed important new light on the nature of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking social and health inequalities, and will help to inform public policy initiatives in this area.WIREs Syst Biol Med2015, 7:53–71. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1291This article is categorized under:Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and DiseasePhysiology > Physiology of Model OrganismsBiological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology