HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in animals
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in animals
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并且骨骼肌质量的维持对于长期健康和生活质量至关重要。骨骼肌是一种高度适应性的组织，对环境因素如生长因子、细胞因子、营养素和机械负荷具有众所周知的敏感性。所有这些因子都在细胞水平上起作用，并通过多种机制通过导致表型变化的途径发出信号。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了所使用的动物和细胞培养模型，以及在理解蛋白质合成对机械负荷/阻力运动的响应的调节中识别的信号传导机制。特别强调的是：1）在体内动物研究和体外培养研究中，机械负荷和蛋白质合成调控的改变; 2）在骨骼肌肥大期间，调节雷帕霉素信号传导和蛋白质合成的哺乳动物靶标的上游介质。
and and maintenance of skeletal mus- cle mass is critical for long-term health and quality of life. Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue with well-known sensitivities to environmental cues such as growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, and mechanical loading. All of these factors act at the level of the cell and signal through pathways that lead to changes in phenotype through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the animal and cell culture models used and the signaling mechanisms identified in understanding regulation of protein synthesis in response to mechanical loading/resistance exercise. Particular emphasis has been placed on 1 ) alterations in mechanical loading and regulation of protein synthesis in both in vivo animal studies and in vitro culture studies and 2 ) upstream mediators regulating mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and protein synthesis during skeletal muscle hypertrophy.